Frisch, and Joblot have given figures at least, and some of them descriptions, of several species, while SchcefFer has written three separate memoirs upon three different gqnera, with minute details, and many illustrative figures. Linnaeus in 1758 arranged all that were then known under one genus, Monoculus, except two ; and GeofFroy, Strom, Goeze, Herbst, and De Geer soon afterwards added to the number. It is to the celebrated Danish naturalist, Otho Fredericus Miiller, however, that we are most indebted. To him we owe the collecting the various species already made known into one * Miiller, Entomost., p. 2. IB\ * " It is the common opiuiou that it is the Caligi which force the salmon from the sen, up rivers towards the waterfalls." * Entomost., p. 12. -f Loc. cit., p. 7. * Letter from Mr. Paterson to Mr. TempletoB, in the Memoir on Anomalocera, in Trans. Ent. Soe., ii, part i, 39. SYSTEMATIC AERANGEMEINT. The systematic arrangement of the Crnstacea has been a matter of considerable discussion amongst naturahsts. Desmarest, in his work,* has given a series of tabular views of the various arrangements which different authors have suggested, from Linna3us to his own time. For a complete view of these we refer the reader to him, and shall only notice a few of the more prominent here, as far as the Entomostraca are concerned. Linnaeus places the Crustacea in the class Insecta, order Aptera, and refers all the species of Entomostraca then known, with the exception of two, to one genus, which he calls Monoculus. Fabricius also places the Crustacea amongst the Insecta; the genus Monoculus, embracing most of the Entomostraca, being placed in his Class viii, Polygonata, and the genus Limulus in the ixth, Kleistognatha.f Mliller, following his predecessors in arranging the Crustacea amongst the Insecta, places of course the Entomostraca in that class also.| He divides them into two great sections, according to the number of eyes, viz. Monoculi and Binoculi. These he subdivides again into Univalves, Bivalves, and Crustacei, according to the form of the shell or covering in which the animal is inclosed. Latreille^, andCuvier, || in their first published Methods, also placed the Crustacea amongst the Insecta, the former adopting the arrangement of Miiller with regard to the Entomostraca, and dividing them into two families, the * Cousid. geu. sur les Crustaces, 1S25. f Systema Eutomolog-ia;, 1775 ; Eutomologia Systematica, 1793. X Entomostraca, 1785. § Precis dcs Caractercs gen. des luscctcs, 1796. il Tableau element, de I'Hist. Nat. dcs Animau.x, 179S. * Lc R("giic Auiinal, divis. cii 9 Classes, &c. * * * * here provisionally. Genus Notodelphys. * Beitrage zur Ajiatomie der Insecteu, Wiedemann's Zoologisches Magazin, TS17. t Isis, 1830. :;; Dc Apodis caucriformis ; Schoeif., Anatome et Historia evolutiouis. Bonna;, 1841. APODID.E. 2i Berthold, to be blood-vessels. Zaddach describes them very particularly, and reckons the number to be nine. The internal plate or membrane which covers the inner surface of the cephalothorax, ...
finished the result of his labours, which I expected to appear in a well-illustrated volume in course of the year following. But having waited, as I thought, too long for the appearance of the "Silurian System," I gave up my sketches, day-books, and field-books (I think in 1837) to my honoured friend Mr Lonsdale, then the Assistant-Secretary of the Geological Society, and out of these documents he made a series of sections upon a grand scale, which shewed the extent, and many of the details, of my work in North Wales. These sections were exhibited and explained by myself to the Geological Society at one of their evening meetings, and remained in their possession for many years. The last time I saw them they were in the hands of Mr Warburton, who had undertaken to reduce to a state fit for publication the papers on North Wales, which described the labours of Mr Salter and myself in the years 1842-3, and he had obtained Mr Lonsdale's larger sections for assistance in this work. In order to give coherence to my scattered remarks on the older rocks of North Wales, I will first mention in chronological order the chief periods during which I investigated the structure of the Principality. My best work, I think, was done in the summers of 1831 and 1832, in the manner above stated. In the spring and summer of 1833 my health broke down so much that I was incapable of taking the field till the autumnal season, when it was far too late for me to attempt the great and difficult task I had proposed to myself namely, of commencing with the South flank of Cader Idris, and thence, by numerous long traverses, connecting my work in North Wales with the typical Silurian country on the banks of the Towey ;:. After studying the Sections which were laid by Murchison before the British Association in 1833, I felt convinced that there was an overlap between the Systems of Cambria and Siluria (as they were afterwards called), and we agreed to settle this question next year by a joint tour through the most typical portions of the Silurian country, which had been, during the preceding years, examined, mapped, and described in considerable detail. By this joint labour we hoped to clear up some points of difficulty, and to establish a good line of demarcation between our Groups of Strata. We commenced our work (in 1834) by various hasty traverses in the typical Silurian country, which stretches on both banks of the Towey. At first we had no matter of controversy, for I accepted at once my friend's interpretation of his own Sections. I did not go to dispute, but to learn as it were the alphabet of the Silurian tongue. My * The autumn of that year was however not without its fruit : for accompanied anil assisted by the present Astronomer Royal and Dr Whewell, afterwards Master of Trinity College, I made out in considerable detail the structure of Charuwood Forest, and determined the range of its single anticlinal axis; in following which towards the North we found that it brought up at a high angle of elevation two singular masses of dolomitiz...
In a former communication (March 1856) I described a few obscure traces of animals from these old rocks in the Longmynd, and have now to add some further information, gathered during the last summer in the same locality. The markings which were in that paper referred to the burrows of Annelides have been found in the greatest profusion, and through a much greater thickness of strata than before, not less than a mile in vertical measure; and they have been detected too in places considerably to the south and west of the localities before given. I am glad of the opportunity of again drawing attention to the subject, partly because the woodent-section in the former paper, at page 247, Journ. No. 47, was accidentally made so as to exclude the most important beds, and partly because these annelide-markings have, during the present year, been sedulously searched for, and similar ones found, by my friend. Dr. J. R. Kinahan, of Dublin, in the undoubted Cambrian beds of Bray Head, Wicklow. His paper appeared in the January Number for 1857 of the Proceedings of the Dublin Geological Society. The Section here given has numbers corresponding to the beds enumerated in the former paper; and the overlying Silurian strata (10, 11, 12) are introduced to show their relations to the highly inclined Cambrian beds under notice.
1860. "XV.-On new fossil Crustacea from the Silurian Rocks." The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology 5, 153-162.
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