Sutmmary. The time-course of arrival of '4C translocate in a sink leaf was studied in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cultivar Klein Wanzleben) for up to 480 minutes of darkness. Following darkening of the source leaf, translocation rapidly declined, reaching a rate approximately 25 % of the light period rate by 150 minutes. Com-parison of d-ata from plants that were girdled 1 cm below the crown with data from ungirdled plants indicates that after about 150 minutes darkness the beet root becomes a source of translocate to the sink leaf. After aboutt 90 minutes darkness, starch-like reserve polysacchariide from the source leaf begins to contribute 14C to ethanol soluble pools in that leaf. Because of a 15 % isoltope mass effect, sucrose, at isotopic saturation, reaches a specific activity which is about 85 % of the level of the supplied CO2. The souirce leaf sucrose specific activity remains at the isotopic saturation level for about 150 minutes of darkness, after which time input from polysaccharide reserves causes the specific activity to drop to about 55 % of that of the supplied CO2. Sucrose specific activity determinations, polysaccharide di ssoltution measurements, and pulse labeliing experiments indicate that following partial depletion of the sucrose pool, source leaf polysaccharide contributes to dark translocation. Respired CO2 from the pool which, unlike sucrose, remains at a to a simple source-path-sink system consisting of a mature source leaf and a small sink leaf attached to the beet and root system. Plants were grown by solution culture in controlled environment eabinets as described earlier (9, 10). In some experiments, a 1-cm zone of the beet, located 2 cm below the crown, was killed by heating it with a hot nichrome wire for 5 to 6 minutes. The heat was localized by a pair of asbestos shields fitted over the horizontally positioned beet. Heat girdling was performed 18 hours before labeling to allow time for desiccation. No wilting was noted in contrast to the occasional wilting following steam girdling, and essentially no radioactivity above background was found distal to the girdle. To determine the 14C content of various compounds in the source leaf, the entire leaf or a known portion constituting up to 25 % of the blade area was sampled. Extraction and chromatographic scanning methods for sucrose, glucose, and fructose have been reported previously (9). For specific activity determination, sugars from a 10 to 50 ml aliquot of the 80 % (v/v) ethanol extract of the supply leaf were separated by ion exchange chromatography on a 0.8 X 20 cm AG 1 X 8 borateform ion exchange column (16).The chloroform-extracted sample was reduced to 2 ml and adjusted to a concentration of 5 mM sodium borate before being added to the column. The sucrose, eluted with 5 mm soidium borate was generally present in the 40 to 100 ml fractions.source leaf appears to be derived from a uniform specific activiity.A ntumber o,f studies have shown that organic transloecation from a leaf decreases as a result of darkening (3,7, 10...
Zea mays L. endosperm explants from 23 starchy inbred and hybrid lines and several endosperm mutants were tested for their ability to grow in vitro. Explants from two starchy inbreds, two hybrids, and the mutants amylose‐extender, sugary‐1, and shrunken‐2 grew actively and have been maintained in culture for over 2 years. Other lines produced limited growth or no growth following the first transfer. These data demonstrate the importance of testing several different inbreds or hybrids when attempting to establish in vitro cultures of corn endosperm.
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