We present a map of standard quantum mechanics onto a dual theory, that of the classical thermodynamics of irreversible processes. While no gravity is present in our construction, our map exhibits features that are reminiscent of the holographic principle of quantum gravity.

, J.; A. Kyritsis; Monleón Pradas, M.; Vallés Lluch, A.; Gallego Ferrer, G.; P. Pissis (2013). Glass transition and water dynamics in hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Food Dielectric measurements contribute to the study of the molecular dynamics of water at biological interfaces, in the case of several biomolecules, such as polysaccharides [14] and hydrated proteins [15][16][17][18][19] and also in the case of synthetic hydrogels [20]. In the case of hydrated proteins, it has been shown that the observed dynamics depends strongly on the hydration level and a minimum amount of water is necessary for the onset of enzymatic activity in globular proteins [21]. The dynamics of water molecules in hydrated proteins which do not form a separate ice phase at subzero temperatures (uncrystallized water), has been extensively studied by dielectric measurements and a main secondary relaxation is recorded, attributed to water molecules in the hydration shell [16,17,19]. The main secondary relaxation of uncrystallized water exhibits similar characteristics in various hosting environments [22,23]. In the case of studies on hydrated proteins at low levels of hydration, the evolution of this main secondary dielectric relaxation of uncrystallized water with is not fully understood and it is believed to be highly connected to water dynamics.Theoretical studies suggest that the glass transition is driven by the translational reorientation of the hydrogen bonded network on the protein surface [33] and also connect the water-protein glass transition to the denaturation of the globular proteins, suggesting that both correspond to energetic sub-states, while an energy criterion for the onset of mobility of strong protein-water bonds is induced [34]. In the case of globular proteins the observed dielectric relaxation associated to the calorimetric glass transition has been attributed in literature to a combined motion of uncrystallized water molecules in the protein hydration shell and segments of the protein surface [19,24,25,30]. Measurements in synthetic hydrogels based on poly(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate) (PHEA) by dielectric and other experimental techniques showed that the segmental α relaxation (dynamic glass transition) is significantly plasticized by water [20]. In addition, correlations were observed between results on the organization of water in the hydrogels and on water effects on polymer dynamics. In particular, distinct changes in the dielectric response at the water content of the completion of the first hydration layer indicated that water molecules themselves contribute to the dielectric response at higher water contents [20]. Despite the extended use of HA hydrogels in biological applications, the dielectric behavior of such materials at low water concentrations and subzero temperatures has not been studied so far in detail. In the existing literature dielectric results refer mainly to dilute aqueous solutions of HA salts and particularly at room temperature, using time-domain dielectric measurements [35]. The present study pr...

We elaborate on the existing notion that quantum mechanics is an emergent phenomenon, by presenting a thermodynamical theory that is dual to quantum mechanics. This dual theory is that of classical irreversible thermodynamics. The linear regime of irreversibility considered here corresponds to the semiclassical approximation in quantum mechanics. An important issue we address is how the irreversibility of time evolution in thermodynamics is mapped onto the quantum-mechanical side of the correspondence.

Quantum mechanics has been argued to be a coarse-graining of some underlying deterministic theory. Here we support this view by establishing a map between certain solutions of the Schroedinger equation, and the corresponding solutions of the irrotational Navier-Stokes equation for viscous fluid flow. As a physical model for the fluid itself we propose the quantum probability fluid. It turns out that the (state-dependent) viscosity of this fluid is proportional to Planck's constant, while the volume density of entropy is proportional to Boltzmann's constant. Stationary states have zero viscosity and a vanishing time rate of entropy density. On the other hand, the nonzero viscosity of nonstationary states provides an information-loss mechanism whereby a deterministic theory (a classical fluid governed by the Navier-Stokes equation) gives rise to an emergent theory (a quantum particle governed by the Schroedinger equation).

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