Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by macrocephaly, deterioration of motor functions with ataxia, and spasticity, eventuating in mental decline. The brain appears swollen on magnetic resonance imaging, with diffuse white-matter abnormalities and the invariable presence of subcortical cysts. MLC was recently localized on chromosome 22q(tel). We have narrowed down the critical region by linkage analysis of 11 informative families with MLC to a region of approximately 250 kb, containing four known genes. One family with two patients who were siblings did not display linkage between the MLC phenotype and any of the analyzed microsatellite markers on chromosome 22q(tel), suggesting genetic heterogeneity and the existence of at least a second MLC locus. The maximum two-point LOD score for the 11 families was 6.6 at recombination fraction .02. Twelve different mutations in seven informative and six uninformative families were found in one of the candidate genes, KIAA0027, which we renamed "MLC1." The gene encodes a putative membrane protein with eight predicted transmembrane domains. The patients of one family were compound heterozygotes for mutations that both introduced stop codons. The mutations further included frameshifts, splice-acceptor mutations, a putative splice-donor mutation, and amino acid substitutions of residues in predicted transmembrane domains. These data provide strong evidence that mutations of MLC1 cause the disease.

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is an inherited neurologic disorder with macrocephaly before the age of one and slowly progressive deterioration of motor functions. Magnetic resonance imaging shows diffusely abnormal and swollen white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and the presence of subcortical cysts in the anterior-temporal region and often also in the frontoparietal region. Mutations in the MLC1 gene, encoding a putative membrane protein, have been recently identified as a cause for MLC. Here, we describe 14 new mutations in 18 patients. Two identified polymorphisms lead to alterations of amino acid residues. The role, suggested by others, of a mutation in the MLC1gene in catatonic schizophrenia and the possible function of the MLC1 protein as a cation channel are discussed.

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CH5) and (C7H7+ -CH3), are shifted to higher masses in the spectrum of C7H4D3+ from p-CD3C6H4N02 (Figure 1G), strongly supporting the tolyl structure 3 as the major form of these ions.19Although appearance potentials indicate that C7H7+ ions from m-and p-CH3C6H4Br and o-and m-CHr C6H4I have structure 3 on formation,5 their CA spectra show that only the ions formed from the iodo compounds have retained this structure for 10-5 sec. Similarly, in contrast to previous conclusions,6 our data indicate that ions of structure 3, not 1, are formed from p-c H3C6H4COCH3.(19) However, we find for P-CD3C6H4NO2 and P-CH3C6D4NO2 that the metastable decompositions used in the previous study6 involve complete H/D scrambling, indicating that the differences noted by these authors are due to differences in ion internal energy, not to differences in ion structure.9•16 (20) Postdoctoral fellow supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Army Research Office, Durham.

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Bei der Fenton‐Oxidation von Cyclophosphamid (I) entsteht als Vorstufe das Hydroperoxid (II), das spontan in die 4‐Hydroxy‐Verbindung (III) übergeht.