Abstract. The recent application of neuroimaging techniques in veterinary neurology has led to the accurate localization of many types of intracranial lesions but has also created a clinical need, particularly with brain tumors, for a specific intraoperative diagnosis. For human brain tumors, a smear technique has been used successfully for many years to provide an extremely rapid, highly accurate intraoperative diagnosis. In similar smear preparations of intracranial lesions, obtained either by computed tomography (CT)-guided stereobiopsy or from a craniotomy, we have described distinguishing cytologic features of some primary spontaneous nervous system tumors in 80 dogs and 13 cats. A final diagnosis was confirmed by evaluation of paraffin-embedded sections from the same sample and, when appropriate, by immunocytochemical staining. Preliminary findings indicate that, in dogs and cats, this procedure is useful for rapid, accurate intraoperative diagnosis of many primary nervous system tumors. The distinguishing features of the canine and feline tumors bear a remarkably close resemblance to their human counterparts.
We studied plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in seven normal subjects after the acute intravenous infusion of sodium chloride/potassium chloride solution (saline). Three separate infusions of 6, 12 and 18 ml of saline/kg body weight each significantly increased the circulating concentration of ANP without changes of plasma osmolality or electrolyte concentrations. The mean maximal rise of the plasma ANP concentration after the three saline infusions was significantly correlated (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) with, but occurred 10-30 min later than, the maximal atrial pressure rise. These observations are in accord with the hypotheses that: (a) ANP is a circulating natriuretic factor; (b) atrial distension is an important stimulus to ANP release in man.
These three patients may be added to the previous two reported cases of malignant prolactinoma with extracranial spread. Several different therapies were tried but were of limited value in controlling the progression of the disease, although chemotherapy is an important modality to be considered. No particular factor or combination of factors at presentation differentiated these patients from more typical patients whose disease is much less aggressive.
Octreotide therapy in acromegaly is associated with an increased prevalence of gall stones, which may be the result of an inhibition of gall bladder motility. Gail stone prevalence in untreated acromegalic patients relative to the general population is unknown, however, and the presence of gail stones and gail bladder motility in these patients and in acromegalic patients receiving octreotide was therefore examined. Thirteen patients with gall stone disease were also studied. Six aged 43-56 years (one woman) had undergone percutaneous cholecystolithotomy and were free of stones at the time of this study, and seven patients aged 28-78 years (four women) had gall stones in the gall bladder. Ultrasound of the gall bladder after percutaneous cholecystolithotomy showed no evidence of thickening or tethering of the gall bladder wall.
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