cement produces very soluble hydroxides that easily migrate from the cement to the ceramic brick. The reaction of these A study of the eVect of cement in the formation of hydroxides with the calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 ) present in eZorescence on the surface of ceramic building materthe brick produces alkali sulphates that migrate and crystalials was conducted. W icking tests were performed with lise on the material surface. Hydrated lime (Ca(OH) 2) is bricks covered with cement, and a test procedure, where also formed and produces calcium carbonate by cartemperature and water pressure applied to the samples bonation with CO 2 . could be controlled, has been developed. Salts formedIn order to evaluate the susceptibility to efflorescence of at brick surfaces consist of arcanite (K 2 SO 4). Results ceramic building materials -heavy clay material and morshow that salt deposition kinetics are enhanced by tars -some tests4,5 have been developed for bricks and higher test temperature and particularly by imposing mortar, based on humidification and drying of materials. It water pressure around the brick. A method to quantify is a difficult exercise since the parameters that influence the eZorescence was developed in order to avoid any process are numerous. Nevertheless, the tests are based on subjectivity in the assessment of the test results. Image the same principle: the material is humidified for a certain analysis oVers an alternative for quantification of this time, and the formation of efflorescence is observed after phenomenon. Study of eZorescence digital images lead drying. The humidification process can be carried out in to the definition of an eZorescence coeYcient. A set of different ways, the most common being immersion in water samples with low to high levels of eZorescence was (wicking test), or the presence of water on the upper face used and the results show a clear distinction between (percolating test), or conditioning in a humid atmosphere diVerent degrees of eZorescence. It is concluded that by imposing wet/dry cycles. this process is a valid one for quantifying the eZor-Studies undertaken until now have investigated the influescence phenomenon.BCT /420 ence of various parameters that contribute to the salt deposition process, especially in cements. For instance, L . Hennetier, J. V. Almeida, and A. M. S. Correia are recent studies have been made to understand the deposition in the Centro T ecnolo ´gico de Cera ˆmica e V idro, 3020 kinetics. For that purpose, some tests have been developed Coimbra, Portugal. V. M. Ferreira
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