The goal of Zero Defect Manufacturing (ZDM) is to reduce part scrap by compensating manufacturing deviations and avoiding their propagation on multi-stage production systems. In particular, the joint use of in-process measuring and flexible locating systems enables the application of different control strategies to proactively improve the geometrical quality of the product and to achieve the productivity targets. In this work, focused on the production quality paradigm, two compensation strategies based on the adjustment of part locators are simulated to compare how different control loops can reduce the out-of-control parts in multi-stage assembly systems. For this purpose, a simulation tool developed on OpenModelica is used taking into account the logistic flow and the quality characteristics flow based on the Stream of Variation model.
Tactile graphics (TG) are intended to facilitate communication for people with total or partial visual impairment. For this purpose, TG include elements in relief that can be perceived through the sense of touch. TG can be fixed or portable. Fixed TG are expensive, as they are typically produced in very short runs, mostly single part production. Portable TG can be made by thermoforming polymer sheets, but a mould is still required, even though production runs are short (some tens). For this reason, the use of Rapid Manufacturing (RM) and Rapid Tooling (RT) strategies to manufacture TG can be of great interest. In this work, a literature review to study the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) to obtain TG, both as RM and RT, is carried out. The review reveals the suitability of AM techniques to manufacture TG. In addition, some AM techniques are analysed to be used for a new type of TG, which is based on the deposition of glaze on ceramic tiles.
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