We report the demonstration of novel GaAs/AlGaAs integrated optical 1-to-N way beam splitters which use symmetric mode mixing in center-fed multimode planar waveguides. Each device has one single-mode input guide, a carefully chosen length of parallel sided multimode guide, and N equally spaced single-mode output guides. The mixing of symmetric modes shares the input light equally between the output guides by a symmetric form of the self-imaging process. We demonstrate experimentally that this type of beam splitter can be used to divide power equally, with high accuracy and low loss, between the N output guides, for values of N between 2 and 20.

We report the demonstration of novel multiway GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic waveguide switches which incorporate self-imaging planar multimode waveguide splitters and recombiners interconnected by single-mode guides. Each device consists of one or more input guides, a multiway splitter, an array of individually addressed electro-optic waveguide phase shifters, a multiway recombiner, and an array of output guides. By controlling the voltage applied to the electro-optic guides, light from any one input guide can be switched to any one output guide. We present experimental results for 1×10 and 10×10 devices. Typical values for switching uniformity, maximum crosstalk, and insertion loss were ±9%, −10 dB, and −12 dB, respectively.

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The use of diatomaceous earth in industry as filtering aids, mineral fillers, catalyst carriers, chromatographic supports, and paint additives is well documented. The diatomite matrix is well suited to x-ray analysis, but this application has not been cited in the literature. In our laboratory, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been used to support the analytical needs of diatomite product development. Lithium borate fusion and pressed powder techniques have been used to determine major, minor, and trace elements in diatomite and synthetic silicate samples. Conventional matrix correction models and fundamental parameters have been used to reduce x-ray measurements to accurate chemical analyses.