All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 418 EROSION AND THE RESULTING LAND FORMS 418 EROSION AND THE RESULTING LAND FORMS middle. About four hundred of these go to the seer or tael, so that for any purchase a pony-load of copper coins is needed. I noticed also a great number of roughly printed but artistic Chinese notes, with a huge pink and yellow dragon on one side. These were lithographed on mulberry paper, and were introduced to the extent of several millions by the Republican Government. Since they were never even theoretically supposed to have any equivalent in bullion, and were not exchangeable when worn out, their introduction was a stroke of financial genius. The wear and tear on them was great, and any merchant who refused to accept a paper note was led to the executioner, whose establishment is a prominent feature of all the towns and villages. Two beheading swords with the blades painted red are hung up on either side of the door of the police station. In Ferghana (Russian Turkestan) the population seemed even more prosperous and well-to-do than in Chinese Turkestan. The country is marvellously fertile and the crops, especially of cotton, beyond belief. On the upland farms in the Alai one saw Russian settlers occupying holdings on the same scale and in the same condition as their Kirghiz neighbours. Note on the name Shyok or Shaiok. The name has usually been written Shyok; but on one sheet of the Indian Atlas it is Shayok, and on "Punjab N.W. Frontier Province and Kashmir, I909," it is written Shaiok. The latter spelling has been adopted in this paper, in the belief that the second-mentioned sheet represented the mature opinion of the Survey of India. On still later sheets they have, however, reverted to Shyok, which should, by the usual rules of geographical spelling, treat they as consonantal and be pronounced as a monosyllable. If the word is a disyllable, and the first vowel sound a diphthong having the sound of y in 'why' or of ai in 'aisle,' the name should be spelled Shaiok rather than Shyok. Pending a decision by the Survey of India, the spelling of the name here adopted should not be taken as certain.-ED. G.7.
The formation kinetics of (Biz-zPb,)Sr?CazCu,Ol~-d in a monecored silver-sheathed tape in air and at thermodynamically-stable temperatures has been investigated using X-ray diffraction. The effect of changing the processing time and temperature on a single composition, B i~.~P~.~S r~.~C~.~~C u~.~O~~-~ WM observed. The products were found to be multi-phase (in contrast to the powder alone) and a possible reaction mechanism is discussed and compared to data obtained by other workers.') Technology Centre, Wrexham, Clwyd LL13 9XP, United Kingdom.
The phase content and grain alignment of individual filaments in
Bi2223 multifilamentary tapes have been successfully analysed by means of a
micro-x-ray diffraction system. According to the 2223 phase formation rate
and texture, filaments can be divided into three groups. The filaments in
the centre part of the tape have higher 2223 phase content and better
texture due to their thinner, flatter shape. The filaments near the tape
edges are poorer because of their low density and irregular shape. The
strong variation in filament shape and density could be two of the most
important factors that affect the homogeneity of 2223 phase conversion and
texture quality. Using a more reactive powder, a harder sheath and making
heat treatment under 7% oxygen, as well as using rectangular wire to start
the rolling process, can all increase the filament uniformity and enhance
the tape's Jc value.
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