and the incidence in different groups compared. RESULTSOf 935 groin explorations, EACT was identified in 25 (2.7%); there were no cases in girls. The incidence was 0.7% at inguinal herniotomy (IH), 4.1% at ligation of the patent processus vaginalis for communicating hydrocele ( P = 0.03 vs IH), and 3.3% at exploration for undescended testes ( P = 0.02 vs IH). In boys with undescended testes the incidence of EACT was similar in different age groups (0-7 years, 3.3%; 8-15 years 3.2%, P = 0.96). CONCLUSIONSThe overall incidence of EACT at groin exploration was 2.7%, with none detected in girls. There was no evidence of involution of EACT with increasing age. The incidence of EACT varied with the underlying diagnosis, but the reason for this is unknown.

quality control, e.g. baseline pressures and coughs to test pressure transmission. The data were analysed to establish how often quality criteria were met, and identify areas for improvement. RESULTSIn 100 eligible traces, the baseline detrusor pressure was 0-10 cmH 2 O in 86, and -5 to + 10 cmH 2 O in 94%. Baseline intravesical and abdominal pressure were 30-50 cmH 2 O in 68% and 73% of cases, respectively. Coughs were present before filling in 94%, during filling in 95%, before voiding in 72% and after voiding in 87% of cases. The cough-test frequency was sufficient in 30% of traces. In 11 the intravesical pressure line fell out during voiding. CONCLUSIONMost of the traces assessed met the quality criteria defined, but significant defects were not uncommon. Some of the problems identified suggest areas of urodynamic technique which should be studied in more detail. We intend to modify our quality control practices, and hope to show an improvement on re-audit. We hope that other urodynamic departments will be encouraged to review their practice, and we aim to improve our results.

This study provides detailed prospective data on achievable initial resting pressures in urodynamics. In this study, p(det) was normally at or close to zero, and distributed more or less evenly either side. This suggests a range that differs from existing ICS GUP guidelines, and could be incorporated in future ICS guidelines.

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