In recent years copper based compounds such as copper indium diselenide (CuInSe,, CIS) have emerged as the most promising candidates for high efficiency stable solar cells. To date research has been centred around the standard thin film deposition techniques i.e. evaporation, sputtering and electroplating. While these techniques give good films it has proved difficult to gain reproducible results. The production of devices based on CIS thin films has now progressed to a point where, to achieve further advances in device efficiency, more research into alternative deposition techniques and the basic deposition parameters is required. The major problems encountered with the standard technique are poor step coverage and lack of control over the stoichiometry. A low pressure MOCVD reactor has been constructed to investigate the growth of thin film CIS and the factors affecting deposition. The considerations involved in the design of such a system are discussed. A detailed study of reactor parameters affecting low pressure MOCVD of copper, copper indiurn and copper indium diselenide is being carried out. Mass spectrometric analysis of the decomposition products has been undertaken and the growth mechanisms and kinetics involved in these deposition processes are being investigated.
SynopsisSamples of nylon 6 have been prepared by the hexamethylene diamine-initiated polymerization of ecaprolactam a t 220°C. Fractionation of these with m-cresol-diethyl ether at 26OCyielded 15 amino-terminated fractions of M,, of 337-10,940 determined conductometrically. Below an = 4,306 the Mark-Houwink parameters in m-cresol at 30°C are K = 3.0 X 10-3 dl/g and Y = 0.53 f 0.02. Thereafter Y exhibits a pronounced increase. The value of K is similar to the values of Kederivedfrom Stockmayer-Fixman plots of published data in good solvents. The findings thus corroborate a current hypothesis that fractionated, low molecular weight polymers in good solvents tend to behave viscometrically, as if they were under 8 conditions (i.e., K = K e and Y = 0.50).
A method for computing intercell load and nodal currents in a parallel‐connected battery assembled from several series‐connected modules is described. The method covers systems sharing a common electrolytic path and operating with constant as well as variable parameters such as are encountered in practice. The multimodule
normalLi/SOCl2
battery is selected to illustrate the pertinent points.
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