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Two groups of patients were treated for pertrochanteric fractures (AO/ASIF 31A1+A2) with an intramedullary hip nail. In the first group of 44 patients distal dynamic locking was used, and in the second group of 74 patients the nail was not distally locked. Comparison of the two groups of patients did not show any difference in terms of the period of fracture healing, radiological and functional results or frequency of complications. In the group with a distally locked nail the surgery took 40.4 minutes, while in the group without distal locking only 34.4 minutes. In total, we recorded only seven complications, none of which were caused by absence of distal locking of the nail. This study has shown that distal locking of IMHN is unnecessary in most pertrochanteric fractures (AO/ASIF 31A1+2). The only exceptions are comminution of the lateral wall of the greater trochanter, secondary diaphyseal fracture line, large posteromedial fragment extended distally below the level of the lesser trochanter and broad intramedullary canal.

Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy is an effective procedure that reliably restores hip function in trochanteric malunion or nonunion.

ANFH develops in approximately 0.5-1% of all pertrochanteric fractures, mostly within 4 years after the injury and predominantly in patients older than 50 years of age. The diagnosis should be considered in patients who have undergone an operation previously and have symptoms that are unclear. Prevention of ANFH in these fractures includes an early reduction, stable fixation, and correct surgical technique.

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Traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation is a rare injury in survivors with 15 % share in deaths due to spinal injury. The authors present a case of a patient with concurrent atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial instability of the upper cervical spine, which he suffered after a fall from height. Atlantooccipital dislocation in surviving patients is a rare injury, for which in some cases coincident bone injury is reported to upper cervical spine, such as occipital fracture or contingent odontoid (C2 dens) fracture. In our case, it is combined with atlantoaxial instability and this combined type of injury has not yet been described in the literature. We performed realignment of the dislocation and posterior occipitocervical (C0-C3) fusion. After the surgery, the patient manifested neurological improvement almost to a normal neurological outcome with persistent residual finding after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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