Lepidium sativum Linn. has been used in traditional and folklore medicine for the treatment of bronchial asthma, diabetes, local and rheumatic pain. An ethanolic extract of cress (L. sativum L.) shoot, leaf, stem and seed has been studied for antioxidative active against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total glutathione S-transferase assay, reduced glutathione activity, reducing power (Fe3+–Fe2+ Transformation Ability), and ascorbic acid is also estimated. The percentage yields of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) obtained for different ethanolic extracts of L. sativum. Supreme scavenging activity was detected in shoot (12.19 ± 02%) and least in stem (2.69 ± 05%). The activity of total glutathione S-transferase enzyme was found to be more in seed (9600 ± 56.3 μg/ml) than other plant parts. The reduced glutathione content of the ethanolic extracts of L. sativum was found to be more in leaf (9 ± 0.2 μg/ml). In the reducing power assay, ethanolic extracts gives the optical density in increasing concentration in all plant parts it shows that it has the reducing ability of Fe3+–Fe2+. Presence of vitamin C was tested. It was found that the shoot extract has highest amount of vitamin C. The results of present data were shown that the ethanolic extract of L. sativum L. plant parts have contributed high potential in vitro antioxidant activity.

The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive constituents present in seed and whole plant extracts of Lepidium sativum using UV-VIS and GC-MS. The crude extracts were scanned in the wavelength ranging from 200 to 800 nm by using Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer and the characteristic peaks were detected. For GC-MS analysisabout 25g of powdered plant material was uniformly packed into a thimble and extracted with 150ml of ethanol as solvent using this plant extract was prepared. Helium gas (99.999%) was used as the carrier gas at constant flow rate 1ml/min and an injection volume of 2μl was employed (split ratio of 10:1); Injector temperature 80°C; Ion-source temperature 250°C. The oven temperature was programmed from 110°C (isothermal for 2 min.), with an increase of 10°C/min, to 200°C, then 5°C/min to 250°C, ending with a 9min isothermal at 280°C. Mass spectra were taken at 70 eV; a scan interval of 0.5seconds and fragments from 45 to 450 Da. The UV-VIS profile showed different peaks ranging from 280 and 290 nm with absorbance values of 0.26 and 3.98 respectively.The spectra for phenolic compounds (tannins) and flavonoids typically lie in the range of 230-290 nm.The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 28 phytochemical compounds in seed extract and the major phyto constituents were (Peak area 16.23%),o-ethyl S-2-Dimethylaminoethyl Ethylphos, (14.37%)Oleoyl chloride and (12.50%) cis-9-Hexadecenal (8.97%). Phytochemical compoundspresent in whole plant extract was 79 and the major phyto constituents were Eugenol (7.69 % ); Hexadecanoic Acid, Ethyl Ester (7.50%) and Stigmast-5-EN-3-OL, (3.BETA.)-(7.14 %) were reported by GC-MS analysis. The results revealed the major compounds are fatty acid esters and alkaloids which showed antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities.

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