Th e paper analyses the relationships between the profi tability of viticulture on the one hand and the sugar content and grapes yield in viticulture in the Czech Republic between 1995 and 2014 on the other hand. Th e paper aims to fi nd out which of these has had a greater impact on the viticulture profi tability in the Czech Republic over the last twenty years. One of the frequently debated questions is whether a higher yield of grapes may also bring a high or moderately above average sugar content, and also whether the production for sale is profi table. Th e answer can be achieved either via the micro-appraisal (repeatable and many times conducted experiments) or via the macro-appraisal -collecting average data for the appraised region. For this paper, the macro-appraisal was chosen, i.e. the statistical survey for the Czech Republic between 1995 and 2014. Th e period of 20 years comes from an annual examination conducted by the Association of Winemakers of the Czech Republic on the grapes yields in their members. In the Czech Republic, the price in the grapes market is set depending on the variety of vine and sugar content. It follows from the 20-year statistics of the Association of Winemakers CR, that the profi tability of grapes production for sale is not achieved by the sugar content but by the per hectare yield. Th e yield per hectare should vary between 5.5 and 7 t/ha (tonne per hectare) at the average sugar content of 18.5 to 21 o NM (between 11.0 and 12.5% volume of the potential alcohol). Th e grapes yield of more than 6 t/ha does not increase the profi tability because the price off ered by the purchasing companies decreases.
Th e Czech Republic is a country, in which the production of wine covers approximately one third of the total demand. Th e current production potential of the Czech Republic is 19 633.45 hectares of vineyards. Since 1960, the production potential of Czech vineyards has increased approximately three times. Th is increase equals the optimum production of 90 million litres of wine. Two thirds of the total demand for wine must be covered by imports. Th is paper analyses the development of the wine market within the period of the campaign years 2004/2005 to 2011/2012 and tries to predict the development in 2012/2013. Th e authors analyse developmental trends in the sales of this commodity with regard to the home production of wine after the entry of the Czech Republic into the European Union. In the Czech Republic, the wine trading is oriented nearly exclusively to seven EU member countries. Th e highest volumes of wine are imported from Italy and Hungary. Exports are mostly directed to Slovakia and (with a great gap) Poland. As far as the prices are concerned, this corresponds to CZK 3.5 bill. got for 170 million of sold litres. Th e management of wine production involves the restructuralisation of the varietal assortment in vineyards caused by a changing demand for white, rosé and red wines.
The paper describes strategic changes in the structure of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties grown in the Czech Republic. In 2004–2005, (i.e. after the admission of the Czech Republic into the EU) expenditures associated with restructuralisation and transformation of vineyards amounted for CZK 25,423 thous. The authors examine the development taking place in this domain within the last 50 years (i.e. from 1960 to 2010) and pay detailed attention to the period of 1989 to 2010. The paper analyses reasons of these changes and tries to describe the future development expected after 2010. The current production potential of the Czech Republic are 19,633.45 hectares of vineyards. For the time being, there are in average 1.07 wine growers per hectare of vineyards. As compared with 1960, the acreage of vineyards has doubled up and the number of the most frequent varieties has also increased. Within the period of 1989–1990, four varieties (i.e. Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent) occupied more than 60 % of the total vineyards area in the Czech Republic, whereas at present there are altogether 8 varieties (Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling, Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Sankt Laurent, Blaufrankish, and Zweigeltrebe) at the nearly the same acreage.As far as the percentages of Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent varieties is concerned, it is anticipated that their acreages will further decrease, whereas those of Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Blaufrankish and Zweigeltrebe are expected to grow. The industry is under pressure of all Porter’s five forces of competition from external sources.
Th e paper describes changes in the structure of varieties grown in the Czech Republic. Th e authors examine the development taking place in this domain within the last 14 years (i.e. from 1997 to 2010). Th e paper analyses the reasons of these changes and tries to describe the future development expected after 2010. Th e article also examines the cost and profi tability of growing grapes and wine prices. Th e current production potential of the Czech Republic is 19 633.45 hectares of vineyards. As compared with 1960, the total acreage of vineyards increased nearly three times and the number of the most frequent varieties has also increased. As far as the percentages of Müller Th urgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent varieties is concerned, it is anticipated that their acreages will further decrease, whereas those of Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Lemberger and Zweigeltrebe are expected to grow. Th e results from the survey of consumer behaviour in the wine market in the CR point to the connection between the structure of the vineyards and consumer demand. Lemberger, Cabernet Sauvignon, Müller Th urgau, Grüner Veltliner, Pinot Blanc, Saint Laurent, Blue Portugal, Chardonnay, Riesling and Bohemia Sekt have been the most popular varieties of the market research.
Abstract:In the Czech Republic, the sector of viniculture tried to use the period before the entry into the European Union (1 st May 2005) for the maximum development of resources needed for its both quantitative and qualitative advancement. The legislation concerning this sector was changed and harmonised with the legislation of the EU. The total acreage of vineyards was expanded and another 7 thousand hectares were planted. The size of business units changed as well. For the time being, the production potential of this industry is 19.3 thousand ha of vineyards, more than 18 thousand wine growers were registered and there are nearly 600 producers of wine. In this sector, there are approximately 20 thousand jobs and the consumption of wine is gradually increasing and equals 16.5 litres per capita per year. As far as the prices of grapes are concerned, it was found out that they were relatively stable in the period under study and that the price of blue varietals is higher than that of white ones. The Czech wine import is constantly higher than the export, both in volume and financial value.Key words: wine growing sector, adaptation, analysis, Czech Republic, European Union, producers, resources Abstrakt: Odvětví vinohradnictví a vinařství využilo období před vstupem do Evropské unie (1. 5. 2004) k maximálně možnému rozvoji zdrojů potřebných pro jeho kvantitativní a kvalitativní rozvoj. Ve vazbě na legislativu unijní se změnila i legislativa pro toto odvětví. Plocha vinic se rozšířila o 7 tisíc hektarů a velikostní struktura podnikatelských subjektů se změnila rovněž. V současnosti tvoří produkční potenciál 19,3 tisíc ha vinic a evidováno je více než 18 tisíc pěstitelů vinné révy a téměř 600 producentů vína. V tomto odvětví byl vytvořen prostor pro cca 20 tisíc pracovních míst a zájem spotřebitelů o konzumaci vína postupně narůstá a dosahuje hranice 16,5 l/obyvatele/rok. Zjišťované ceny hroznů byly za sledované období relativně stabilní s rozdílem mezi bílými a modrými odrůdami ve prospěch modrých. Dovoz vína do České republiky je trvale vyšší než vývoz, a to jak v množství, tak také ve finanční hodnotě.
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