Soil management has a major effect on soil physical characteristics, and consequently on soil organic matter (SOM) content, which are important for the success of crop production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil physical attributes and the accumulation of SOM in no-tillage systems (NTS) with different periods of implantation in a conventional tillage area and to compare them with native forest (NF) in the Cerrado biome. The experiment was planned in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting of three soil treatments (NTS for 17 years (NTS17), NTS for 5 years (NTS5) and NF) and four soil depths (0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3 and 0.3–0.4 m), with a completely randomised design and four replicates. At deep soil layers (0.2–0.4 m) the NTS17 area had a greater soil density than the NTS5 and NF areas, and greater SOM compared with the NTS5 area. Soil macroporosity in the NTS5 area was below 10% at all soil depths evaluated. The NF area had the greatest total organic carbon content (1.39 dag kg–1), stock of carbon (16.63 Mg ha--1), amount of soil organic matter (28.66 Mg ha--1) and equivalent carbon credits (60.96 Mg ha–1). Carbon stocks were similar in the NTS areas in all soil depths evaluated. The results indicate that conventional tillage areas can be successfully recovered under the Cerrado edaphoclimatic conditions with the implantation of an NTS.
Intensive farming leads to change in soil physical properties, thus modifying the arrangement of soil structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil under sugarcane crop through its physical attributes using geostatistics. The experiment was conducted in an area cultivated with sugarcane in the municipality of Maracanaú, Ceara state, in an Ultisol that had been under tillage without plowing for five years. In an area of one hectare, we set up a grid with 100 points spaced every 10 m. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil were collected from the middle layer of 0-0.20 m. The samples collected were used to determine water dispersible clay, particle size, degree of flocculation, soil density and geometric mean diameter of aggregates. The following soil physical attributes obtained spatial dependence: water dispersible clay, clay, total sand, silt, degree of flocculation, soil density and geometric mean diameter. The spatial variability maps allowed identification of specific areas of management, which can improve the planning of sugarcane cultivation. RESUMO: O cultivo intensivo acarreta modificação nos atributos físicos do solo e, consequentemente, altera o arranjo estrutural deste. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos físicos do solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar por meio da geoestatística, visando a gerar informações que permitam orientar melhor o manejo nas áreas agrícolas. O experimento foi montado em julho de 2004, em uma área cultivada comercialmente com cana-de-açúcar havia mais de 20 anos, no município deMaracanaú-CE, em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob manejo sem revolvimento por cinco anos. Em uma área de um hectare, foi montado um grid com 100 pontos, distanciados a cada 10 m, sendo, em cada ponto, coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura deformada e indeformada na camada média de 0-0,20 m. Essas amostras foram utilizadas para determinação de argila dispersa em água, granulometria, grau de floculação, densidade do solo e diâmetro médio geométrico de agregados. Os atributos físicos -argila dispersa em água, argila, areia total, silte, grau de floculação, densidade do solo e diâmetro médio geométrico de agregados -apresentaram dependência espacial. Os mapas de variabilidade espacial permitiram identificar áreas específicas de manejo, o que possibilita a melhoria no planejamento do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar.Using geostatistics to evaluate the physical attributes of a soil cultivated with sugarcane Uso da geoestatística para avaliação de atributos físicos do solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar
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