Seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Rutgers) grown in a greenhouse under conditions of limiting light intensity developed weak stems. Periodic gyratory shaking retarded axial and lateral growth of stems and petioles while strengthening these tissues. Hypocotyls and first internodes excised from shaken plants had greater moduli of elasticity and of rupture and ultimate shear strength than did similar sections cut from undisturbed controls. Threshold of deformation (rigidity) was greatest for stems of shaken plants. The cellulose fraction of stem fiber increased concomitant with elastic strength of shaken tomato seedlings.
A small sample back extrusion test cell mounted in an lnstron Universal testing machine was used to measure the texture of cooked whole and decorticated sorghum grains. Measurements were done on 8-g (undecorticated grain) and 10-g (decorticated grain) cooked samples of 11 sorghum cultivars. The cultivars differed widely in percent vitreousness. The percent vitreousness data significantly correlated to the back extrusion energy values of cooked whole grain (r= 0.91**) and cooked decorticated grain (r=0.94**). Ancillary measurement performed on the weight ratio of cooked to uncooked grain indicated weaker but still significant correlation of the data with the percent vitreousness of the grain.
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