No abstract

Both transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)-based MG assays had a highly superior sensitivity compared to the mgpB qPCR. The prevalence of MG and azithromycin resistance was high. Validated and quality-assured molecular tests for MG, routine resistance testing of MG-positive samples and antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial.

Only one of the five Russian PCRs displayed reasonable sensitivity for all specimen types, but the specificities of all assays were high. Accordingly, improvements regarding sensitivity of all the tests are needed. However, larger studies, including other populations, evaluating these assays are crucial.

M. genitalium infection is common among sexually active women in Kenya and the Southern United States. Given associations between MG and adverse reproductive health outcomes, this high burden of MG in reproductive-aged women could contribute to substantial morbidity.

The capacity of endotoxin from oral bacteria to induce inflammation was studied in human subjects by the “skin, window” technique. The inner surface of the forearm was excoriated with a scalpel and sterile cover slips applied to the wounds. Migrating inflammatory cells were found to adhere to the cover slips and regular replacement of the cover slips permitted longitudinal examination of the cytology of the exudates. Topical application of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin from oral Veillonella to the abraded skin areas caused a distinct alteration in the local inflammatory response. An immediate and persistent migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes occurred, while the appearance of mononuclear cells in the exudates was delayed from 4 to 10 hours depending on the dose of endotoxin. Continued application every second hour of as little as 0.19 μg endotoxin to the lesion extended the phase of polymorphonuclear migration throughout the 14 hour experimental period. Phagocytosis of inert carbon particles was significantly enhanced in lesions treated with endotoxin and followed a characteristic pattern. After a single application of endotoxin an initial peak of phagocytic activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed 4 to 6 hours later. A second peak at 12 hours was caused by the phagocytic action of mononuclear cells. The role of oral bacterial endotoxin in gingival inflammation is discussed in the light of these results.