Abstract-Cloud computing makes extensive use of virtual machines (VMs) because they permit workloads to be isolated from one another and for the resource usage to be somewhat controlled. However, the extra levels of abstraction involved in virtualization reduce workload performance, which is passed on to customers as worse price/performance. Newer advances in container-based virtualization simplifies the deployment of applications while continuing to permit control of the resources allocated to different applications.In this paper, we explore the performance of traditional virtual machine deployments, and contrast them with the use of Linux containers. We use a suite of workloads that stress CPU, memory, storage, and networking resources. We use KVM as a representative hypervisor and Docker as a container manager. Our results show that containers result in equal or better performance than VMs in almost all cases. Both VMs and containers require tuning to support I/O-intensive applications. We also discuss the implications of our performance results for future cloud architectures.

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In this work, we have used FT-IR spectroscopy to study the hydrolysis and polymerization reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) in the presence of tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT). These reactions are used for obtaining SiO 2 -PDMS -TiO 2 organically modified silicates (Ormosils). In order to obtain semiquantitative information about such reactions, a deconvolution procedure ORDER REPRINTS of the FT-IR spectra has been done by use of a computer program. Hydrolysis reactions have been characterized by Me -O-C (Me ¼ Si, Ti) bonds, and polymerization reactions by Me -O-Me bonds. Instantaneous hydrolysis of TEOS has been observed, together with condensation reactions between Si-OH groups, which give crosslinked and linear Si -O-Si structures. The TBOT is also hydrolyzed, but the high acid concentration inhibits condensation reactions between Ti -OH groups. The PDMS also condenses mainly with Si -OH groups and probably with Ti-OH, finally forming Me-O -PDMS bonds. The formation of Si -O-Si crosslinked structures and also Me-O -PDMS structures continues until the end of reaction. The gelling time is dependent on TBOT concentration in the reaction medium and, therefore, polycondensation reactions are dependent on TBOT concentration.