We investigated the efficiency and formation mechanism of ammonia generation in recombining plasmas generated from mixtures of N 2 and H 2 under various plasma conditions. In contrast to the Haber-Bosch process, in which the molecules are dissociated on a catalytic surface, under these plasma conditions the precursor molecules, N 2 and H 2 , are already dissociated in the gas phase. Surfaces are thus exposed to large fluxes of atomic N and H radicals. The ammonia production turns out to be strongly dependent on the fluxes of atomic N and H radicals to the surface. By optimizing the atomic N and H fluxes to the surface using an atomic nitrogen and hydrogen source ammonia can be formed efficiently, i.e., more than 10% of the total background pressure is measured to be ammonia. The results obtained show a strong similarity with results reported in literature, which were explained by the production of ammonia at the surface by stepwise addition reactions between adsorbed nitrogen and hydrogen containing radicals at the surface and incoming N and H containing radicals. Furthermore, our results indicate that the ammonia production is independent of wall material. The high fluxes of N and H radicals in our experiments result in a passivated surface, and the actual chemistry, leading to the formation of ammonia, takes place in an additional layer on top of this passivated surface.
A compact and transportable infrared multicomponent acquisition (IRMA) system based on infrared absorption spectroscopy has been developed for plasma diagnostics and control. The IRMA system contains four independent tunable diode lasers which can be temporally multiplexed and directed into plasma reactors or into a multipass cell for exhaust gas detection. Rapid scan software with real-time line shape analysis provides simultaneous measurements of the absolute concentrations of several molecular species.
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