A controlled field pilot has been developed in Bozeman, Montana, USA, to study near surface CO 2 transport and detection technologies. A slotted horizontal well divided into six zones was installed in the shallow subsurface. The scale and CO 2 release rates were chosen to be relevant to developing monitoring strategies for geological carbon storage. The field site was characterized before injection, and CO 2 transport and concentrations in saturated soil and the vadose zone were modeled. Controlled releases of CO 2 from the horizontal well were performed in the summers of 2007 and 2008, and collaborators from six national labs, three universities, and the U.S. Geological Survey investigated movement of CO 2 through the soil, water, plants, and air with a wide range of near surface detection techniques. An overview of these results will be presented.
A study of carbon concentrates separated by a number of different commercial and laboratory
methods from various coal-combustion fly ashes was undertaken to determine what common
and unique chemical and physical properties can be expected in such concentrates. The properties
were determined using a variety of physical and spectroscopic characterization methods and then
were compared among the carbon concentrates and in two cases with the properties of the
unprocessed fly ashes. The class F fly ashes originated from a total of seven different utilities
burning bituminous coals and underwent one of six different processing methods to produce the
carbon concentrates, which contained from 24% to 76% carbon. Three different configurations of
triboelectrostatic separators were used to produce the carbon concentrates in addition to two
different flotation methods plus a proprietary carbon recovery process. The results showed that
unburned carbon concentrates from fly ash have properties similar to most carbon blacks and
would be poor replacements for activated carbon in adsorption processes unless they are activated
in a separate step. The untreated carbon may have applications as a substitute for carbon black
provided it could be obtained in sufficient purity. The results have implications for those who
wish to use carbon concentrates from coal-combustion fly ashes in secondary markets, especially
as sorbents and fillers.
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