The compounds of oxygen, i. e. OH acids, ethers, quinones, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic esters and amine oxides, sulfoxides, and phosphane oxides, are compared and contrasted with those compounds which contain a C(CN), moiety in place of the characteristic 0 atom. In their typical properties the .pairs of analogs frequently display surprising agreement. The purpose of such analogy studies lies primarily in the estimation of reactivities; their limits are reached where specific properties of the structural components become effective.
Die N-Dicyanmethylide 2b, 2d und 2f konnen aus den aromatischen Aminen l b , Id, I f und Diazomethandicarbonitril dargestellt werden. Die folgenden Reaktionen der Ylide 2 a -f werden mit denen der N-Oxide verglichen: thermische Zersetzung, Salzbildung und Umsetzung mit Triphenylphosphin.
Dicyanomethylides, V1). -Preparation and Reactions of Ammonium DicyanomethylidesThe N-dicyanomethylides 2b, 2d and 2f can be prepared by the reaction of aromatic amines 1 b, 1 d, 1 f with diazomethanedicarbonitrile. The following reactions of the ylides 2 a -f are compared with those of N-oxides: thermal decomposition, salt formation and reaction with triphenylphosphine.
Lachrymators of varied structure are reduced either by hydrogen addition or halogen substitution using NADH model compounds as donors. Similar compounds without lachrymatory activity were reduced either very slowly or not at all. CS (o-Chlorobenzalmalonitril) is reduced by NADH, the reaction being catalyzed by an enzyme present in erythrocytes. Thus the lachrymatory action follows a general scheme for the activity of sensory transduction. This scheme consists of a reception in the nerve cell membrane and a fast or simultaneous chemical transformation in an enzymic reaction.
AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation and reduction properties of different dihydropyridines and pyridines have been investigated in non aqueous solvent as benzonitrile and aceto-nitrile with tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte at platinium electrodes using DC-voltametry, cycl. voltametry and coulometry. Possible redox-mechanisms are discussed.
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