I'iflccn elm trct's ranj^iiij; m DBI 1 Ironi 25 Ki 40 cm were moeul.itecl wiili cn. 8 mm iliametef pellets eiiniaiiiiiii; pri)pai;ules ol I'ricljodcriiid viride IMI 206039 aiul IMI 2O(iO-IO liesijes nuti-ieius. 'I'liesi' pellets were inserted in the trunks every 1 Oem ai (unul llie en eumlet eiiee. 1 )ea(i eltns pi esent iipwitul atiu tlownwinci lr(>)ii the I 5 trenied elms remained stainhii); tlurini; (he Icnir year cluralton ol the experiment. Nil pr<)f;tes.s in the disea.se oeciirted dtiriiii; three ^rowmi; seasons alter the orli;inal treattiient. Diiritii; the lotii til j^rowin;; season (I9
In a survey of the fungi in heartwood of Douglas-fir poles, three conditions were observed: no fungi, unifungal cultures of Poria carbonica Overh. or related basidiomycetes, and a mixed microbial population. From some apparently sound wood cores, a species of Scytalidium was isolated, usually as a unifungal culture. This organism was distinguished by release of a water-soluble yellow pigment into the agar and production of dark spores as the colony aged. Strong antagonism of Scytalidium sp. to P. carbonica on malt extract agar was attributed at least partly to the production of an antibiotic substance by Scytalidium. There was no evidence of change in the mechanical properties of the wood or of injury to the wood cells as a result of Scytalidium growth. The xylan moiety in the hemicellulose was the preferred energy source observed. Wood chips permeated with this organism and then steamed were not damaged by an actively growing colony of P. carbonica.
Ten, creosote treated, Douglas-fir poles infected with Poria carbonica at the ground line zone were inoculated artificially with Scytalidium sp. FY strain in January 1967. FY became established in the poles. One pole was set aside for comprehensive sampling and thirty-six samples were taken from the ground line zone of it seven years later (January 1974). One sample yielded live FY, 2 samples yielded bacteria, 9 samples showed scanty fungal growth and 24 samples yielded no microorganisms. None of the 36 samples showed advanced decay or Poria carbonica. These observations are consistent with the medianical condition of the wood in the other 9 poles inoculated with FY after decay had begun.
The use of microorganisms as immunizing commensals to control plant diseases has been tested over the past ten years in conifer timber, forest trees (evergreen and deciduous; seeds, seedlings and mature trees), fruit trees, indoor vegetable crops, grapes and field crops. These tests resulted in the experimental production of spray concentrate, seed coating and pellets. In England mainly Peniophora gigantea has been used commercially for several years. In Canada, application has been made to register Scytalidium lignicola ATCC 16,675. In France, Trichoderma ATCC 20,475 and 20,476 propagules under the name of BINAB T SEPPIC are expected to be approved for registration by the end of 1976 for the treatment of fruit trees against Stereum purpureum (silver leaf disease) and in mushroom growing against Verticillium fungicola (dry bubble disease). Other uses for mycofungicides are under study.
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