Introduction: The co-occurrence of mania and delirium, named "delirious mania", is an under-recognized entity not listed in major diagnostic classifications. Literature about this syndrome is still scarce and lacking evidence. Usually, reports of affective syndromes with delirium tend to be subdued in the manic descriptor. Objectives: We report the case of a 44 year old female patient with a simultaneous affective episode and delirium. Aims: To demonstrate the co-occurrence of depressive/mixed symptoms and delirium Methods: Review of clinical records and complementary exams. Results: The patient was admitted after a three week long depressive syndrome with psychomotor agitation, followed by a week-long fluctuating pattern of delirious and mixed affective features. Shortly after admission the patient exhibited a stuporous state, with nocturnal agitation. A fluctuating pattern of symptoms ensued, with disorientation, disorganized behavior, cognitive impairment, anxiety and depressive features. The patient was put on mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. She was discharged symptom-free two months later and re-admitted 4 weeks later due to recurrence of symptoms. Electroconvulsive treatment was applied,with quick remission of affective symptoms. Yet, it took another two months until discharge, due to persistent cognitive symptoms. Medical conditions were excluded. Conclusions: This case shows the simultaneous occurrence of an affective syndrome alongside delirium. The strongest treatment response occurred with ECT. The presence of depressed mood highlights the fact that this syndrome can begin without clear-cut manic symptoms. We suggest that its name should be changed to Delirious Affective Disorder, which might help to avoid misdiagnosis. Persistent cognitive deficits raise some questions in this case.
In this paper, we present a novel Bayesian online prediction algorithm for the problem setting of ad hoc teamwork under partial observability (ATPO), which enables on-the-fly collaboration with unknown teammates performing an unknown task without needing a pre-coordination protocol. Unlike previous works that assume a fully observable state of the environment, ATPO accommodates partial observability, using the agent's observations to identify which task is being performed by the teammates. Our approach assumes neither that the teammate's actions are visible nor an environment reward signal. We evaluate ATPO in three domains-two modified versions of the Pursuit domain with partial observability and the overcooked domain of Carroll et al. [7]. Our results show that ATPO is effective and robust in identifying the teammate's task from a large library of possible tasks, efficient at solving it in near-optimal time, and scalable in adapting to increasingly larger problem sizes.
IntroductionA small subset of patients with above average admissions to psychiatric inpatient units is recognized in clinical practice. These frequent users tend to be younger and to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia or affective disorder. Social conditions and the severity of the illness seem to be associated with this increased number of admissions.Aims/ObjectivesTo study demographic and clinical characteristics of frequent and non-frequent users of a psychiatric inpatient unit.MethodsRetrospective data of all the patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit from January 2004 to December 2008 were reviewed. Frequent-users were defined as patients with 3 or more admissions over that period of time, and non-frequent users as those with less than 3 admissions. The two groups were compared in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis and compulsory admissionsResultsIn a total of 2018 admissions and 1348 patients, the frequent-user group represented 10.2% (n = 137) of the patients and 28.9%(n = 584) of the admissions. Frequent-users were significantly younger (39.5 vs. 44.5 years, p = .001), more frequently black (22.6 vs. 19.4%, p < .001) and compulsorily admitted (27.7 vs. 14%, p < .001) than non-frequent users. Patients with bipolar disorder (p = .001), schizophrenia (p = .003) belonged significantly more to frequent-users group, while unipolar depressive patients (p = .016) and other diagnosis (p = .011) was more significantly represented in the non-frequent users group. Frequency of admission did not differ with gender.ConclusionsThe results concerning age and psychiatric diagnosis are consistent with previous studies. Compulsory admissions and black ethnicity were significantly higher among frequent- users.
Introduction:Bipolar mixed states were systematically described for the first time by Emil Kraepelin. Since then, their high prevalence has been repeatedly recognized, but they still remain poorly understood. These patients appear to be extremely difficult to treat, many being refractory to pharmacological approaches. Clinical experience supports the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in mixed states, but there is little information on its effectiveness in scientific literature.Objective:Report our experience in using acute phase ECT (aECT) in mixed states.Methods:The authors reviewed the clinical records of all patients submitted to aECT between June 2006 and June 2011. The inclusion criteria were: a) presence of a mixed state according to Akiskal's criteria (Akiskal et al,2005); b) completed treatment course with aECT. The following variables were collected: demographic characteristics, previous response to pharmacotherapy, presence of psychotic symptoms, number of aECT sessions, referral to continuation or maintenance ECT (c/mECT), number of readmissions. Relation between the diagnostics and the number of ECT sessions was validated with Eta-coefficient. Comparison between these two groups was carried out with One-Way-ANOVA.Results:Eighteen patients met inclusion criteria and were resistant to pharmacotherapy. Eight patients had psychotic features. All patients but one showed a positive clinical response, as documented on CGI. The average number of ECT sessions was five, while the mean of ECT treatments in manic and depressive patients was seven and six respectively. Thirteen patients were scheduled for c/mECT.Conclusions:Our results confirm the effectiveness of ECT in medication nonresponsive patients experiencing a mixed state.
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