The efficacy of trilostane in the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) was evaluated in 78 dogs with the condition which were treated for up to three years. The drug appeared to be well tolerated by almost all the dogs, and only two developed clinical signs and biochemical evidence of hypoadrenocorticism. Polyuria and polydipsia completely resolved in 70 per cent of the dogs that had these problems, and skin changes resolved in 62 per cent of the dogs that had skin abnormalities. There was a significant reduction (P<0.001 in each case) in both the mean basal and post-adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cortisol concentrations after a mean of 12.3 days of treatment. The post-ACTH cortisol concentration decreased to less than 250 nmol/litre in 81 per cent of the dogs within one month of the start of treatment and in another 15 per cent at some later time. The median survival time of the 26 dogs which died was 549 days, and 51 of the dogs were alive at the completion of the study. One was lost to follow up after 241 days treatment.
The depressing effect of dietary cadmium on blood hemoglobin has been demonstrated in several species (1-3). A mutual antagonism ,between ,Cd and Zn has been established (3-7) and a partial amelioration of cadmium toxicity in the chick was noted with Cu fed in conjunction with 100 ppm of Zn (1). With Zn at 25 ppm, both Fe and Cu supplements were shown to ameliorate Cd toxicity.Cadmium decreases longevity in male mice and possesses innate toxicity (8). These toxic properties of Cd make it desirable to elucidate the factors which will minimize the adverse effects on animals of environmental Cd contamination. The present experiments were undertaken to test the interactions between dietary Cd, Fe, and Zn in the growing rat with respect to effect on body weight gain, blood hemoglobin concentration and tissue levels of trace elements.To test these interactions, weanling rats were fed diets identical in all respects, within each experiment, except for the level of Cd, Fe, and Zn. These trace elements were added
Obesity is a harmful and costly condition which continues to increase in prevalence. Co‐morbidities accompanying this disease now include brain‐based disorders that impact cognition and mood. Illumina BeadChip Arrays performed on brains from high‐fat diet (HFD) and low‐fat diet (LFD) fed mice revealed a 60‐fold increase in prolactin mRNA expression in HFD mice. Real time PCR confirmed this increase as 1643‐fold. Since central DA inhibits prolactin secretion, the DA degradation enzyme catechol‐O‐methyl transferase (COMT) was examined by real time PCR and showed a 1000‐fold increase HFD mice brains as compared to LFD mice brains. Potentially linked to brain‐based DA loss are behavioral changes such as anhedonia and depression. Saccharin preference testing showed that HFD mice as compared to LFD mice exhibited saccharin aversion (25% vs 75% of total fluid consumption). In support, HFD mice also demonstrated a 2.3‐fold decrease in burrowing as compared to LFD mice. To probe the mechanism of these behavioral changes db/db mice (which lack a functional leptin receptor) were examined and found to have a preference for saccharin (93% vs 27% of total fluid consumption) and increased burrowing (4.5‐fold) when compared to HFD mice. Finally, brain based leptin mRNA expression was increased 3‐fold in HFD mice when compared to LFD mice. Taken together these findings suggest that leptin regulates reward motivation in HFD mice by impacting COMT expression and DA degradation.
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