Proliferation markers are commonly used for prognostication of mast cell tumours. The aim of the study is to compare the relative abilities of Ki67 and mitotic index to predict survival in the same cohort of dogs with cutaneous MCTs. Histological grade, mitotic index and Ki67 index were performed in all samples and clinical information was obtained by a follow-up questionnaire. Ninety-five dogs were included in the study with a median follow-up of 1145 days. Survival times varied significantly between categories of histological grade, mitotic index and Ki67 index. Multivariable analyses showed that the risk of dying due to MCT was similar in dogs with increased Ki67 index [hazard ratio, HR: 3.0 (95% CI 1.3-6.8)] or increased mitotic index [HR: 2.7 (95% CI 1.1-6.5)]. In conclusion, both mitotic index and Ki67 index were able to independently differentiate MCTs with worse prognosis. This distinction is particularly meaningful in selecting intermediate grade MCTs that may benefit from more aggressive local or systemic treatment.

This study describes clinical and histopathological features, treatment, and outcome of cats diagnosed with ocular mycobacteriosis. Cases diagnosed from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed for (a) histopathological evidence of ocular (pyo)granulomatous inflammation containing acid-fast bacilli with mycobacterial morphology, (b) positive mycobacterial culture and/or mycobacterial DNA identified by polymerase chain reaction of ocular tissue, or (c) presumed mycobacteriosis based on ophthalmic examination and positive interferon-gamma release assay. Twenty-five cats (31 eyes) were included; 14 cats (17/31 eyes, 55%) were blind at presentation (unilateral: n = 12 cats; bilateral: n = 2 cats); one unilaterally affected cat later became bilaterally blind. Another 5 cats (7/31 eyes, 23%) became blind after initially being bilaterally visual (unilateral: n = 3 cats; bilateral: n = 2 cats). The commonest ocular finding was uveitis (87%). The main histopathological features were granulomatous to pyogranulomatous chorioretinitis with retinal detachment, anterior uveitis, optic neuritis, episcleritis, scleritis, and/or retrobulbar cellulitis. Nineteen cats (76%) had systemic signs, with disseminated disease being diagnosed in 9, defined by interstitial pulmonary disease, generalized lymphadenopathy, and/or nonocular infection. Nine cats were diagnosed with Mycobacterium bovis, 2 with Mycobacterium microti, 1 with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and 1 with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. The infecting species was unknown in the remaining cats. Combined surgery (enucleation: n = 5 cats; biopsy: n = 3 cats) and systemic treatment with 2 or 3 appropriate antibiotics for 2 to 7 months resulted in remission in 8 of the 10 cats treated; however, the cat treated with dual therapy relapsed after 8 months. A total of 16 cats (64%) were euthanized; 2 were lost to follow-up.

This study involved 48 subjects of both sexes with ages ranging from 22 years to 90 years. Computerised tomography was used to scan the right and left parotid gland. Gland mean density was calculated in Hounsfield units and regression graphs drawn. A significant fall in gland density was noted with subject age but no differences were noted between male and female subjects. A significant correlation was observed between the mean density of right and left glands in the same individuals. It is postulated that the fall in gland density is related to an increase in fibro-fatty tissue within the gland. This study provides evidence that age related changes occur in the human parotid gland from youth to old age. This work supports the earlier findings of Scott's who studied the superficial lobe of the parotid gland histologically and found an increase in adipose tissue in this area of the gland with age.

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