In the present research work, 300 meat samples (50 beef, 50 carabeef, 50 chevon, 50 mutton, 50 pork and 50 chicken) collected from the municipal slaughter houses and the retail meat shops from Hyderabad Karnataka region of Karnataka state, India, were analyzed for the microbiological quality; standard plate count and isolation and confirmation of Staphylococcus, Salmonella, E. Coli, Listeria and Clostridium by selective plating, microscopic examination and biochemical characterization. As per Food Safety and Standards (FSS) regulations 2011, of the samples analyzed, 89 (29.66%) (21 beef, 26 carabeef, 9 chevon, 7 mutton, 14 pork and 7 chicken) samples exceeded the limit of 10,000 CFU/gram of total viable count. Twenty (6.66%) samples (8 beef, 9 carabeef and 3 pork) exceeded the limit for Staphylococcus (100/gram maximum), 15 (5%) samples (9 pork, 4 chicken and 2 mutton) exceeded the limit for Salmonella (absent in 25 gram) and 22 (7.33%) samples (11 pork, 4 chicken, 4 beef and 3 carabeef) exceeded the limit for E. Coli (100/gram maximum). None of the samples were positive for Listeria and Clostridium spp. The finding in this study specifies the probable contamination during farming and on-floor slaughtering and accentuates the requirement of the upgrading the municipal slaughter houses and training of retail outlet sellers.

One way to model concurrent decision making is to formulate multi player mathematical games The purpose of this paper is to illus trate a variety of concurrent decision-making models that arise in two simple applications where explicit models can be obtained to represent the typical stages of design and manufacturing in product development Of particular interest are bilevel formulations which have an interpretation of a Stackelberg game between two players such as Design and Manufacturing The solutions in these models show how the final design out come can be predicted based on the different interactions that may occur between the decision makers in concurrent design project

An algorithm for computing the effect of large parameter changes on an optimal design solution is presented in some detail. The numerical procedure involves a path-following continuation strategy that takes advantage of the usual computations performed by a nonlinear programming algorithm, specifically the sequential quadratic programming method. One of the applications of this method is to allow the designer to introduce an arbitrary parameter embedding in the model for which a local optimum is known and then to explore the path that this solution would follow under large parameteric deformation. Several examples are included, but detailed design examples are deferred to a sequel article. The present article is itself a sequel to a previous one that presents the theoretical foundation and design motivation for this algorithm.

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SUMMARYIn this paper, we study the rich class of formulations that arise in the limit analysis and design of elastic/plastic structures in the presence of contact constraints. It is well-known that in the absence of contacts, both the limit analysis and limit design problems can be written as linear programs. However, when contact constraints are present, the structure effectively exhibits both softening and stiffening behaviour under monotonically increasing loading. The resulting limit analysis and limit design problems are non-convex and are difficult to solve due to the presence of complementary type of equality constraints. We show that by using a mixed form of the minimum principle, we can restate the limit analysis and h i t design problems as two-and three-level formulations, respectively. Further, under a strong assumption on the problem and solution data, we can take advantage of the underlying convexity to reduce both these multilevel formulations to equivalent linear programs. While it may not be possible to always verify this assumption in practice, we show that a two-step iterative procedure is effective in reaching a solution to the limit design problem.