The Department of Energy (DOE) and the DOE Natural Phenomena Hazards Panel have developed uniform design and evaluation guidelines for protection against natural phenomena hazards at DOE sites throughout the United States (UCRL-15910). The goal of the guidelines is to assure that DOE facilities car_withstand the effects of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, extreme winds, tornadoes, and flooding. The guidelines apply to both new facilities (design) and existing facilities (evaluation, modification, and upgrading). The intended audience isprimarily the civil/structural or mechanical engineers conducting the design or evaluation of DOE facilities. DOE Order 6430. lA, General Design Criteria Manual, was revised in 1989. This current version of Order 6430. lA references these guidelines (UCRL-15910) as an acceptable approach for design evaluation of DOE facilities for the effects of natural phenomena hazards. UCRL-15910 provides earthquake ground acceleration, wind speed, tornado wind speed and other effects, and flood level corresponding to the design basis earthquake (DBE), design basis wind (DBW), design basis tornado (DBT), and design basis flood (DBFL) as described in Order 6430.1A. Integrated with these natural phenomena Ioadings, UCRL-15910 provides recommended response evaluation methods and acceptance criteria in order to achieve acceptably low probabilities of facility damage due to natural phenomena. iv recent information and techniques available, In any case, to achieve a specified perforrnance goal, hazard annual probabilities of exceedance are specified with design and evaluation procedures that provide a consistent and appropriate level of conservatism.
We report a case of conjunctival necrosis due to subconjunctival methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol™) acetate injection after phacoemulsification surgery. This case report highlights a serious complication of the inadvertent use of methylprednisolone as a subconjunctival agent. To report a case of conjunctival necrosis due to subconjunctival methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol™) acetate injection after phacoemulsification. Case report a single case presenting to a tertiary ophthalmic unit. An 82-year-old patient underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification in the right eye. Postoperatively, she was given a subconjunctival injection of methylprednisolone. Two weeks later, she presented with a painful ulcerated lesion of the conjunctiva proximal to the injection site. The ulcerated lesion was surgically excised and she made a complete recovery. In this reported case, methylprednisolone was used in error with significant resultant morbidity. This preparation is not registered for the off label use in ophthalmology, and this case report highlights the danger of its inadvertent use as a subconjuctival agent.
Precast concrete pipes were widely used even before the beginning of the twentieth century. By 1930, the currently used design and installation standards for concrete pipes had been empirically developed by Drs. Marston and Spangler. Nearly thirty years ago, the American Concrete Pipe Association began research on a more rational design method that evaluated the contributions of the strength of both the pipe and underlying soil. From that research, the design program Standard Installation Direct Design (SIDD) was developed. In 1997, engineers at the Minnesota Department of Transportation successfully used the newly developed technology to update their standard practice for installing concrete pipe. A test, using native soils and simplified construction details, compared performance of the Marston-Spangler and SIDD installations. Acceptance of direct design methods for concrete pipes is just the beginning of advancement of new technology for construction of pipelines. Rapid development of the internet, wireless communication links, geographical positioning systems, expert systems, and miniaturized testing equipment makes it possible for a manager of a construction project to integrate all phases of design, construction, and maintenance into a centralized information system. This paper describes how construction managers might use technology to mesh existing components of construction activities into an Intelligent Construction System.
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