Functional models of face processing have indicated that dissociations exist between the various processes involved, e.g. between familiar face recognition and matching of unfamiliar faces, and between familiar face recognition and facial expression analysis. These models have been successfully applied to the understanding of the different types of impairment that can exist in neuropsychological patients. In the present study, aspects of face processing in psychiatric patients were investigated in relation to Bruce & Young's (1986) model. Based on this functional model different predictions can be made. We contrast here the impaired expression analysis hypothesis, which is that psychiatric patients would show a deficit in facial expression recognition, but not in facial identity recognition or unfamiliar face matching, with the generalized deficit hypothesis, that patients would be impaired on all tasks. These hypotheses were examined using three forced-choice tasks (facial recognition, facial expression recognition, and unfamiliar face matching) which were presented to schizophrenic and depressed patients, and to non-patient controls. Results showed that schizophrenic patients performed at a significantly lower level than non-patient controls on all three tasks, supporting the generalized deficit hypothesis.
Three dynamic face-processing tasks based on the Bruce & Young (1986) functional model of face processing were presented to 10 schizophrenic and 10 depressed inpatients and to 10 non-patient subjects. Familiar face recognition, facial expression recognition and unfamiliar face matching were examined. Schizophrenic patients' performance was significantly poorer than that of depressed patients and non-patient controls. Significantly lower scores were obtained on the facial expression recognition task than on the familiar face recognition task. There was a differential pattern of group performance on each of the three tasks: schizophrenic and depressed patients were as accurate as non-patient controls on the familiar face recognition task, but significantly less accurate than non-patient controls on the unfamiliar face-matching task. Schizophrenic patients were significantly less accurate than depressed patients and non-patient controls on the facial expression recognition task. The results are contrasted with an analogous static face-processing study.
A.C.T.H.' secretion is insufficient to maintain spontaneous adrenal activity.3 " The inhibition of the A.C.T.H.-releasing mechanisms by exogenous corticotrophin is due to the high plasma cortisol levels resulting from adrenal stimulation, but since pituitary A.C.T.H. secretion in these corticosteroid-treated patients has already been suppressed for months or even years it is unreasonable to conclude that continuing this suppression for a few more days is likely to be harmful. There is no doubt that the prolonged daily' administration of repository A.C.T.H. preparations can result in a severe impairment of the A.C.T.H.-releasing mechanisms,' but there is considerable evidence that intermittent corticotrophin therapy does permit the pituitary-adrenal axis to recover between injections. Some of this evidence can be found in the references given in the article."-ED., B.M.7.
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