This study examined whether the often-reported metalinguistic benefits of childhood bilingualism extend to children whose experience with a second language is considerably more limited, and if so, whether this metalinguistic advantage flows on to reading acquisition. Its purpose was to provide direct evidence of a causal role for metalinguistic awareness in reading acquisition. The study focused on the developing word awareness skills of two groups of preparatory and grade 1 children: one group was strictly monolingual in English; the other, the “marginal bilingual” group, consisted of English monolingual who were participating in a second language program that provided I hour of Italian instruction each week.After only 6 months of instruction in Italian, the marginal bilingual children showed a significantly higher level word awareness than their monolingual counterparts. This advantage weakened across grade 1, as both groups approached ceiling levels of performance. Nonetheless, the initial advantage flows through to the first major step in reading acquisition, with the grade 1 marginal bilinguals showing significantly greater word recognition skill than the monolinguals, thus strengthening the argument for a causal role in reading acquisition for word awareness.
Present studies on the electrochemicalaspects of pyrite flotation in the presence of reducing agehtC were conducted to explain the effects observed during flotationof the separatedorganic and mineral-rich fractions of coal independentlywhen sodium dithionitewas used as an additive during and after grinding. In addition, the electrochemical phenomena occurring on the surface of pyrites of differentorigin was • studied to aid in explainingthe differences observed in the flotation of various coal-derivedpyrite samples. Potentiometricand voltammetric measurementshave been conductedon electrodesprepared from natural pyrite samples of mineral and coal origin, lt was shown that the rest potential of pyrite electrodesdecreasesvery significantlywith increasedconcentration of sodium dithionite, increasedpH, and stirring of solution. Mineral pyrite displayed lower potentialsthan pyrites of coal origin. Voltammetriccurves recorded on FeS2 electrodes indicatethe presence of elemental sulfur, iron-oxy,and iron-hydroxycompounds,even on the freshly prepared surfaces. Comparisonof voltammetriccurves with results of potentiometricmeasurementsshow that in the presence of dithionite several electrochemicalprocesses are expected to take place on the pyrite surface: reduction of iron oxidationcompounds, reductionof elemental sulfur,and cathodic decom_)osition of the mineral itself, lt is also expected that these processes will result in changes of surface properties of pyrite during flotation and oil agglomeration.
During the second quarter of work on this new project, critical review of the literature continued. Several new references related to gravity separation were identified and evaluated. A synopsis was assembled to summarize techniques developed by various researchers for the float/sink
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