Lung cancer is the major cause of oncologic-related death worldwide. Due to delayed diagnosis, 5-year survival rate accounts for only 15%. Treatment includes surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, it is burdened by many side effects. Progress of the disease, severity of its symptoms, and side effects decrease significantly the quality of life (QoL) in those patients. The level of self-assessed QoL helps in predicting survival, which is especially important among patients receiving palliative care. Patients assess their functioning in five dimensions (physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and life roles), severity of symptoms, financial problems, and overall QoL. The QoL in lung cancer patients is lower than in healthy population and patients suffering from other malignancies. It is affected by the severity and the number of symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, dyspnea, cough, pain, and blood in sputum, which are specific for lung tumors. Fatigue and respiratory problems reduce psychological dimension of QoL, while sleep problems reduce cognitive functioning. Physical dimension (related to growing disability) decreases in most of the patients. Also, most of them are unable to play their family and social roles. The disease is a frequent reason of irritation, distress, and depression. Management of the disease symptoms may improve QoL. Controlling the level of fatigue, pulmonary rehabilitation, and social and spiritual support are recommended. Early introduction of tailored palliative treatment is a strategy of choice for improvement of QoL in lung cancer patients.

The aim of the study is to assess QoL depending on the choice of therapeutic regimen. From a total of 200 patients, half (n = 100) were treated with insulin (66% were females, age 52.1 ± 7.4—group A), the remaining 100 received oral treatment (74% females, age 63.3 ± 8.3—group B). For self-assessment of QoL, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used. In group A, we found a negative influence of increased level of glycemia and occurrence of coexisting diseases in the somatic domain . In the psychological domain, frequent checkups showed a positive influence while circulatory failure produced negative results. For social domain, disobeying of recommended diet was strongly negative as well as increased levels of glycemia and coexisting disease for environmental domain. In group B, for somatic domain, correct values of glycemia and place of residence had positive influence. Incorrect values of BMI, WHR, and co-existing disease influenced the same domain negatively. In the psychological domain, a positive influence had place of residence but a negative BMI, ischemic heart disease, clinical complications. For environmental domain, a positive influence had correct values of glycemia but a negative BMI, ischemic heart disease and clinical complications. Finally, the social domain for group B was negatively influenced by BMI, ischemic heart disease, clinical complications, and lack of regular supervisions of glycemia level. A higher assessment of quality of life was found in the group of patients treated with oral hypoglycemic medicines in somatic and environmental domains, and in the group of patients treated with insulin in psychological domain.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease, with an incidence of 15–50 cases per million annually. The disease is associated with further progress and worsening of symptoms despite pharmacotherapy. The severity of PAH symptoms and their effects reduce the patients" quality of life (QoL). Numerous studies show that the quality of life is related to the therapeutic effect of the treatment. Available studies demonstrate that patients QoL deteriorates as the condition progresses. Consequently, the goals of PAH therapy have expanded from increasing survival to improving health-related quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical and sociodemographic factors influencing the quality of life in PAH patients. Methods The study involved 55 patients with PAH who were examined using the Polish version of the PAH-SYMPACT quality of life questionnaire. The PAH-SYMPACT questionnaire results were correlated with several  variables. Results It was shown that the quality of life correlates significantly (p˂0,05) with WHO Functional Class, NT-pro BNP (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide) value, elderly age (the higher the value, the worse the QoL). On the other hand, the lower the 6MWT (6 minuts walk test) result, the worse the QoL. Moreover, the intensity of the accompanying PAH symptoms, such as chest pain, dyspnoea, arrhythmias, fatigue and weakness were associated with a lower quality of life in patients (p < 0,05). Conclusion Patients" quality of life correlates with many variables, both clinical and sociodemographic. In addition, there is a correlation between the quality of life of patients with PAH and the severity of several symptoms associated with this condition. Determination of factors affecting the quality of life of patients with PAH enables the selection of a more comprehensive therapy.

(1) Rationing of nursing care is withholding, limiting or not fulfilling the necessary nursing activities for patients. It may have a negative effect on patient safety and the quality of care. The aim of the present paper is the assessment of the effect of stress on the rationing of nursing care. (2) The current research has a cross-sectional, observational design. The study sample comprised 567 nurses. The following questionnaires were used in the study PIRNCA and PSS-10. (3) It was demonstrated that nurses with a high level of perceived stress rationed nursing care to a greater extent and showed lower assessment of nursing care and lower job satisfaction in comparison with nurses with average and low levels of perceived stress. (4) 1. Stress in nurses has a negative effect on rationing of nursing care and job satisfaction. It is recommended that actions aimed at developing effective stress coping skills be implemented as early as at the stage of training to become a nurse. 2. Factors such as marital status, sex, form of employment, place of employment and the level of professional burnout syndrome may have an influence on the level of experienced stress. In turn, the level of experienced stress, marital status, education, place of work as well as the place of residence may have an effect on rationing of nursing care and, consequently, affect the quality of care.

The purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies concerning associations between diet and the effectiveness of treatment for lung cancer. For this review, a literature search has been conducted in the EMBASE and PubMed databases, including papers published between 1977 and June 2022. The term “lung cancer” was used in conjunction with “diet”. Footnotes from the selected papers were also analyzed. The present study is in line with the recommendations included in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The review included studies involving adults, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort and observational studies. In total, 863 papers were found, with duplicates excluded. Ultimately, 20 papers were reviewed. The present systematic review indicates that vitamin A, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), vitamin E, selenium, and zinc—as antioxidants—can strengthen the body’s antioxidant barrier. Furthermore, preoperative immunonutrition may not only improve perioperative nutritional status following induction chemoradiotherapy in lung cancer surgery patients but also reduce the severity of postoperative complications. Similarly, a protein supply may exert a beneficial effect on human health by increasing average body weight and muscle mass. Omega-3 fatty acid content in the diet and the consumption of their main source, fish, may have some regulatory effect on inflammation in patients with lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition, n-3 fatty acids inhibit tumor cell proliferation and may reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. Increased energy and protein intake are strongly associated with improved quality of life, functional outcomes, hand grip strength, symptoms, and performance in patients with lung cancer. The use of a supportive diet should be the standard of care, alongside pharmaceutical therapy, in treatment for patients with lung cancer.