HORuS is a new high-resolution echelle spectrograph available on the 10.4 m GTC. We report on the first HORuS observations of a transit of the super-earth planet 55 Cnc e. We investigate the presence of Na i and Hα in its transmission spectrum and we explore the capabilities of HORuS for planetary transmission spectroscopy. Our methodology leads to residuals in the difference spectrum between the in-transit and out-of-transit spectra for the Na i doublet lines of (3.4 ± 0.4) × 10−4, which sets an upper limit to the detection of line absorption from the planetary atmosphere that is one order of magnitude more stringent that those reported in the literature. We demonstrate that we are able to reach the photon-noise limit in the residual spectra using HORuS to a degree that we would be able to easily detect giant planets with larger atmospheres. In addition, We modelled the structure, chemistry and transmission spectrum of 55 Cnc e using state-of-the-art open source tools.
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IntroductionTocilizumab (TCZ) treatment is associated with dyslipidaemia, including a rise in triglycerides through a mechanism poorly understood. Three molecules play key roles in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism: apolipoprotein C‐III (ApoC‐III), angiopoietin‐like protein 4(ANGPLT4) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The aim of this work was to analyse whether the changes in triglycerides shown by TCZ‐treated RA patients could stem from the dysregulation that can occur in these regulatory molecules.MethodsTwenty‐seven RA patients included in the TOCRIVAR study who received TCZ (8 mg/kg IV/q4w) were evaluated at baseline and at Weeks 12, 24 and 52 of treatment. ANGPTL4, ApoC‐III and LPL, a complete lipid profile and RA disease activity, were analysed at baseline and at each visit. Multivariable linear mixed models were performed to study changes over time in lipids and regulatory molecules.ResultsAfter 24 weeks of TCZ treatment, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and triglycerides increased, whereas lipoprotein (a) decreased significantly from baseline values. However, 1 year after TCZ, no significant differences in lipid pattern were observed with respect to baseline. Serum ANGPTL4 and Apo‐CIII levels decreased gradually over time, both being significantly lower than baseline values at Week 52. LPL concentration did not change significantly during TCZ treatment. Remarkably, the elevation of triglycerides at Week 24 maintained its statistical significance after adjusting for the changes in ApoC‐III, ANGPTL4 and LPL.ConclusionIn TCZ‐treated RA patients basal serum levels of ANGPLT4 and ApoC‐III, but not LPL, decreased significantly. However, the elevation of triglycerides after TCZ was not related to changes in these regulatory molecules.
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