Electrical activity of the heart is called as electrocardiogram i.e. ECG. Arrhythmias are among the most common ECG abnormalities. ECGs provide lots f information about heart abnormalities. The diagnosis depends upon the physician and it varies from physician to physician and also depends upon the experience of the physician. Previously many techniques were tried for analysis and automisation of the analysis. This paper describes the use of MATLAB based artificial neural network tools for ECG analysis for finding out whether the ECG is normal or abnormal and if it is abnormal, what is the abnormality. There are various arrhythmia like Ventricular premature beats, asystole, couplet, bigeminy, fusion beats etc. To classify this, various weighted neural networks were tried with different algorithms. They were provided training inputs from the standard MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and tested by providing unknown patient data from the same database. The results obtained with different networks and different algorithms are compared, it is found that to identify whether the ECG beat is normal or abnormal, cascade forward back network algorithm has shown 99.9 % correct classification. These results are compared with previous neural network techniques and found that method proposed in this paper gives best results.
A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications and ten treatment combinations with an objective to study the “Role of different composts and sowing dates on productivity of Gobhisarson (Brasssica napus var. oleracea) under organic conditions” during rabi 2008-09 and 2009-10 at the Research Farm of Deptt. of Organic Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P), India. The treatments consisted of two sowing dates viz. Panchang and Non-panchang and six compost treatments viz. FYM 15 t/ha, BD compost 5 t/ha, VC 10 t/ha, FYM + VC (50:50), FYM + BD (50:50) and VC + BD (50:50). The soil of the experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in pH, medium in nitrogen, low in phosphorus and high in potassium. The crop was sown in second week of October during the first year of experimentation. Panchang sowing resulted in significantly higher number of pods/plant, seeds/pod and hence, significantly higher seed yield over Non-panchang sowing during the first year of study i.e 2008-09, whereas, during 2009-10 the yield attributes and yield of gobhisarson were not affected significantly due to the Panchang sowing. Pods/plant and seeds/pod were affected significantly due to various composts. Biodynamic compost applied alone and in combination with other composts proved to be the best as campared to the other composts in increasing the yield attributes and yield of gobhisarson.
A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2009 & 2010 at Model Organic Farm of Department of Organic agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya Palampur in factorial randomized block design with three replications consisting of eight treatment combinations. The treatments included two methods of weeding (mechanical weeding with cono weeder & hand weeding) and 4 spacings (25x25, 30x30, 20x20 and 30x20 cm). Rice variety RP-2421 was transplanted in second week of July during both the years following all organic packages of practices. The weeding was done at 20 & 40 days after transplanting rice. The dominant species of weeds were Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Panicum dichotomiflorum among grasses; Cyperus iria and Cyperus difforimis among sedges and Aeschynomera indica, Ammania spp and Commelina benghalensis among broadleaved weeds.The experimental results revealed that 2 mechanical weedings with cono-weeder at 20 & 40 DAT resulted in significantly higher values of yield attributes viz. effective tillers/m2 & panicle length and hence higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over hand weeding twice (20 & 40 DAT). However, grains/ panicle and 1000 grain weight did not vary significantly during both the years. Among spacings 30x30 cm being at par with 25x25 cm & 30x20 cm recorded significantly higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over 20x20 cm during both the years. The interactions between method of weedings& spacing were observed to be non-significant during both the years of study.
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