A new ocotillol-type saponin (PGQ) has been semisynthesised from 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 for the first time, in with a yield of 73%, by oxidation and cyclisation of the side-chain. Its structure was characterised by IR, HR-MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, DEPT, HMBC and HMQC spectroscopy as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-dammar- 20S,24S-epoxy-3beta,12beta,25-triol (1). The saponin produced a beneficial effect on resuscitation of haemorrhagic shock as follows: first, it could significantly rise increased mean arterial pressure; second, it could increased blood oxygen content; third, it could markedly decreased serum lipoperoxidase and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Thus, the saponin had the effect of an anti-haemorrhagic shock.
Catalpol is a kind of iridoid glucoside, widely found in a variety of plants, mostly extracted from the rhizome of the traditional medicinal herb rehmanniae. It has various biological activities such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor. The anti‐inflammatory effects of catalpol have been demonstrated in a variety of diseases, such as neurological diseases, atherosclerosis, renal diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, bone and joint diseases, eye diseases, and periodontitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on the anti‐inflammatory effects of catalpol in a variety of inflammatory diseases over the last decade and to focus on the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of catalpol.
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