Sakurada (11) proposed that the Einstein (4) equation be put in the general form _ ac<¡> ~ 00(1) where • , = specific viscosity, c = concentration in grams per 100 ml. of suspension, = partial specific volume, the volume occupied per gram of solute in the dissolved condition, and a = the particle-shape factor, and that the particle-shape equations of Eisenschitz (5), Kuhn (10), and others may be considered to be extensions of the general equation 1, in that they express a in terms of particle length-diameter ratio. It is evident from the form of equation 1 that only the value of the product can be determined and that neither a nor can be evaluated separately.
Acrylonitrile reacts readily with cellulose xanthate when added to commercial viscose solutions.Cellulosic evanoethyl derivatives are formed which hydrolyze in the alkali normally present to give carboxv ether derivatives.
The earliest workers proposed that the thickening which results when a drying oil is bodied is due to a general colloidal association or to a general polymerization. In either case all of the glyceride molecules were supposed to be involved. It is now held that the reaction responsible for the thickening process does not take place uniformly throughout the material, so that even after gelation a substantial portion remains in the liquid state (4,5,13,19). This liquid is presumably entrapped and immobilized within a solid network, which is envisioned by the "colloidal-association" school to be a sort of sponge held together 1
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