The ototoxicity of ethacrynic acid and kanamycin in combination has been investigated during acute and chronic conditions of exposure. The effect of the combination of 10 mg/kg of ethacrynic acid and 100 mg/kg of kanamycin during both exposure conditions is manifested by a significantly greater drop in measured potentials than is present in the combination with lower doses of kanamycin (50 mg/kg). This effect is manifested mainly by changes in EP. The action of ethacrynic acid and kanamycin, therefore, appears to affect primarily the metabolism of the stria vascularis. According to our electrophysiological findings during acute conditions, not only simultaneous drug exposure can increase the ototoxic effect, but sequential exposure also seems to create a treatment hazard if ethacrynic acid is given following prior exposure to an ototoxic antibiotic. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the drug history in every patient should be carried out before using ethacrynic acid for treatment.
Basal cell epithelioma (BCE) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. Primary BCE (ie, previously untreated) can be satisfactorily treated by a variety of methods, including curettage with electrodesiccation, scalpel excision, cryosurgery, and radiotherapy. Cure rates approach 98%. Recurrent BCE is much more difficult to treat and deserves particularly aggressive therapy, such as chemosurgery.
A patient with a primary oral epidermoid carcinoma with presumed neck metastasis is presented who at operation was found to have a cervical mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in the wall of a benign cyst. The case for considering this tumor a primary branchioma of mucoepidermoid type is presented, and the criteria for making the diagnosis of branchiogenic carcinoma are discussed.
Endocohlear potentials (EP), cochlear microphonics (CM), and action potentials (AP) have been recorded from guinea pig cochleas in animals anesthetized by Nembutal. The experimental animals were divided into four groups for two acute experiments and two chronic experiments. In the acute experiments, groups 1 and 2 received 50 or 100 mg/kg of Kanamycin and 10 mg/kg Ethacrynic acid, both drugs twice at 1 h intervals. In the chronic experiments, groups 3 and 4 received 50 or 100 mg/kg/day of Kanamycin for 14 days, and on the last day, after evaluation of base line potentials, received 10 mg/kg of Ethacrynic acid only. Each drug administered alone was not ototoxic or was only mildly ototoxic; however, combination treatment by both drugs potentiate the ototoxic effect. Detailed findings on cochlear potentials will be described. [This research was supported by NIH grants.]
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