The venous drainage of the craniocervical junction is made up of jugular veins and particularly the vertebral veins and their anastomoses. The anterior and posterior condylar veins join to form the plexus of the vertebral vein, the supply functions of which can be modified by the presence of the mastoid anastomotic emissary veins which increase the possibilities of drainage at that level.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid artery was performed in four patients with recurrent stenosis following endarterectomy. Balloon catheter dilatation was successful in 3 of the 4 lesions. Post dilatation angiography demonstrated an increase in luminal diameter: there were no neurological complications with the procedure. PTA appears to be an effective method of treating recurrent stenosis following carotid endarterectomy.
The arteries and veins of the cerebellopontine angle have been injected with a contrast medium permitting a precise anatomical reconnaissance of their topography and relations. These specimens have been explored by CT in order to define the opacified vessels and to differentiate them from the adjacent nervous tissue. Thus in CT it is possible to locate the cerebellar arteries, the petrous and medullo-pontine veins and the nerves of the cerebello-pontine angle. This study describes the normal appearance of the flocculus from the arteries and veins. Moreover it should contribute to the definition of the criteria of reliability of a CT diagnosis and its limits in the cerebello-pontine angle.
Serial CT findings in an infant with glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) are reported. The major CT features were dilatation of the insular cisterns, regression of the temporal lobes, with "bat wings" dilatation of the Sylvian fissures and hypodensity of the lenticular nuclei. CT changes preceded the onset of symptoms by 3 months. An improvement in the temporal lobe atrophy was seen after a period of treatment, coinciding with marked clinical improvement. A peculiar feature was the presence of external hydrocephalus, which diverted the attention from manifestations of the primary disease and thus constituted a diagnostic pitfall. The delineation and recognition of the characteristic radiologic manifestations of GA-I are essential for allowing an adequate radiologist/clinician interaction in diagnosing this inborn error of metabolism.
Venous anastomoses at the base of the brain are represented by the anterior and posterior communicating veins. The anterior communicating vein anastomoses with the anterior communicating vein anastomoses with the anterior cerebral veins. The posterior communicating veins join the basal veins through the interpenduncular veins. The functional value of these venous anastomoses is less important than that of the arterial polygon of Willis. This anastomotic function depends on anatomical constancy and on the calibre of these transverse veins. Under certain pathological conditions the variations of intracranial pressure result in contralateral venous drainage through these anterior and posterior anastomotic veins.
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