The collective light scattering (CLS) principle and method are extended to the case of partial diffraction of light that is propagated through a transparent medium of inhomogenous density. The physical principles of this macroscopic scattering mechanism are presented. The scattered electromagnetic field is shown to be given by the spatial Fourier transform of the density fluctuations, evaluated at a wave vector defined by the optical geometry. For non-stationary media like fluids, the dynamic part of the detected signal is found to consist of two different components: a 'convection' pari formed by convected density fluctuations, and an 'acoustic' part due to propagating sound waves. Each of these parts results in different lines in the signal frequency spectrum. The 'convection' line is a Doppler transform of the mass velocity probability distribution. This is experimentally
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