A transient ITP-CZE system is proposed for the determination of biogenic amines in urine. The complete separation and identification of dopamine, tyramine (TA), tryptamine (T), serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and normetanephrine have been achieved in a twofold diluted urine sample (in which the analytes were below the LODs by normal CZE). The tITP preconcentration conditions were created by introducing a 30 mM solution of NaOH, containing 0.1% hydroxypropylcellulose (pH 6.5 adjusted with MES), and 0.1 M HCl before and after the sample zone to work as leading and terminating electrolytes, respectively. This allowed the LODs of direct UV absorption detection to be decreased down to the 10 -8 M level that is comparable with the sensitivity thresholds of LIF detection or inline SPE-CE. The RSDs of migration time and peak area for realbiofluid analysis were in the range of 0.1-4.5% and 0.8-16% (n 5 3), respectively. Quantification of dopamine, TA, T, and serotonin was performed using internal calibration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on probing urinal biogenic amines and their metabolites by tITP-CZE.
The renormalization of 43 theory in a six-dimensional conformally flat space-time is discussed at the two-loop level. The background-field method and the momentum-space representation of the Feynman propagator are used to calculate the ultraviolet divergences of the effective action. It is shown that (#'& theory is renormalizable in a conformally flat space-time at the two-loop level.The counterterms are given to the two-loop order. The next-to-leading-order term in the B function for the coupling constant of the ~1~ term is then obtained.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.