The objective of this study was to review the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic microorganisms associated with VVF patients in Abakaliki, South eastern Nigeria. Out of the 117 bacterial isolates obtained from 108 mid-stream urine samples of VVF patients, 72 isolates [15 (20.8%) Staphylococcus aureus, 8 (11.1%) Enterococcus faecalis, 12 (16.7%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 11 (15.3%) Proteus mirabilis, and 26 (36.1%) Escherichia coli] were obtained from pre-surgery VVF patients, while 45 isolates [7 (15.6%) Staphylococcus aureus, 3 (6.7%) Enterococcus faecalis, 4 (8.9%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 15 (33.3%) Proteus mirabilis, and 16 (35.6%) Escherichia coli] were obtained from postsurgery VVF patients. The bacterial isolates exhibited resistance (57.1 to 75%) to co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ceftazidime, and nitrofurantoin. Antibiogram also revealed that imipenem was the most active antibiotic against the bacterial isolates as 80 to 100% of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to this antibiotic. Our findings affirmed that VVF patients are prone to microbial colonization and these microbes showed varying degrees of susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics. Therefore, there is urgent need for constant monitoring and evaluation of antibiotics used in the treatment of uropathogenic infections in VVF patients to avoid full-blown antibiotic resistance menace which might eventually result in serious public health problem.
Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important organisms recognized for fermentative ability as well as health and nutritional benefits. A large number of bacteriocins from LAB have been characterized and a number of studies have indicated the potential usefulness of bacteriocin in food preservative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effects and bacteriocinogenic activity of LAB isolated from Sorghum bicolor-based 'ogi' against selected food borne bacteria from cabbage samples. Methodology: Five samples of Sorghum bicolor-based 'ogi' and 5 samples of suspected infected cabbage heads were randomly collected using sterile water proof material from Abakpa main market, Abakaliki, and processed at the Applied Microbiology Laboratory of Ebonyi State University, for isolation of LAB and food borne pathogen by conventional culture and biochemical identification tests. Antagonistic effects of LAB and its bacteriocinogenic activity were determined by agar well diffusion test. Results: Three different Lactobacillus species designated A, B, and C, were isolated from the Sorghum bicolorbased 'ogi' and 5 bacterial species were isolated from cabbage heads; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, and Shigella species. The Lactobacillus species had inhibitory effect against S. aureus, E. coli, and Shigella species with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 19 mm, 10 mm, and 10 mm respectively. The crude bacteriocin extracts from the Lactobacillus species showed higher inhibitory activity against tested bacterial isolates at 10 -1 (0.1ml) than at 10 -2 dilution (0.01ml), and the inhibitory activity was higher at pH 2 than pH 6 and 7, with no activity at pH 8. Conclusion: This study showed that LAB and its extracted bacteriocin demonstrated in vitro inhibitory activity against food borne pathogens isolated from cabbage heads. There is the need to further characterize the active components of the bacteriocin for possible commercial use as preservatives and potential source of new antimicrobial agent.
Microbiological analysis of soil from Onu-Ebonyi Izzi local government area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria contaminated with inorganic fertilizer was carried out with a view to determine the effect of the fertilizer on the microbial flora of the soil. Soil samples were analyzed for microbial burden. The result showed that the following organisms were isolated with their frequency of occurrence as follow: Pseudomonas species (33.3%) and Aspergillus species (54.4%) had the highest frequency of occurrence in the whole sample batches, while Streptococcus species had 6.0% and Geotrichum species (5.3%) had the least. Other predominant microorganism isolated include: Bacillus species, Staphylococcus species and Vibrio species, Escherichia species, Rhizopus species, Mucor species and Fusarium species. From the results, it could be concluded that the soil was contaminated and this could affect adversely the fertility of the soil.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Zea mays-based Ogi on some foodborne bacteria contaminating cabbage in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Ten (10) samples (5 samples of Z. mays-based Ogi and 5 samples of suspected contaminated cabbage heads) were aseptically collected and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Five different Lactobacillus isolates ( A, B, C, D, and E) were isolated from the Z. mays-based Ogi while 5 different species of bacterial pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp were isolated from cabbage heads. Results showed that Lactobacillus isolates exhibited high inhibitory effect against foodborne bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, and Shigella spp) isolated from cabbage with inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 14 to 20 mm. A very high antimicrobial activity against foodborne bacteria isolated from cabbage was also observed for the crude bacteriocin at pH of 2. The stability of the antimicrobial affinity of the bacteriocin decreased as pH rises from 6 to 7. This study has shown that bacteriocin has antimicrobial activity against foodborne bacteria contaminating cabbage and could be used as bio-preservatives instead of hazardous chemical preservatives with adverse effects on the human body.
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