Objectives:
To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures.
Materials and Methods:
CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24.
Results:
The prevalence rate of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 10.3% with 12.8% in males and 6.4% in females. The Chi-square test reveals there is a statistically significant difference between the different locations of bifid mandibular canals and most of the canals were present on the right side. The most frequent type of bifid mandibular canal observed was type II dental canal (38.1%), followed by type III forward canal (28.6%), type I retromolar canal (14.3%), and type IV buccolingual canal (14.3%).
Conclusion:
CBCT is suggested for a detailed evaluation and identification of bifid mandibular canals before any surgical procedures to avoid post-operative complications.
An enhanced method for automatically extracting the fetal Abdominal Circumference (AC) using the Gradient Vector Field (GVF) snake is presented in this paper. Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) filter has been used for speckle suppression. The Iterative Randomized Hough Transform has been applied to the image to find the initial contour of fetus abdomen. Finally, the GVF snake adapts the initial contour to the real edges of the abdominal contour. The measured AC has been used to determine the Intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) fetus which are at higher risk for developmental delays, cardiovascular disease and other problems in adult life.
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