Butea monosperma (Lamk) belongs to family Fabaceae. It is also known as "flame of the forest". It is small to medium sized tree of tropical and subtropical climate found throughout the drier part of India. The plant parts are used in astringent, anti-inflammatory, anodyne, carcinomia, menorrhagia and aphrodisiae [1]. Insect pests attack different parts of the tree. Several defoliators belonging to the families Arctiidae, Eucosmidae, Lasiocampidae, Lymantridae, Noctuidae, Pleridae and Sphingidae have been recorded [2]. Black leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas buteae, leaf spot caused by Bipolaris sp, Phomopsis buteae and Pseudodiploidia buteae has also been recorded [3]. Leaf roll as a Phytoplasma was observed as an important disease. Plant of B. monosperma growing at several places in an around of xeric habitat of Naldurg, Dist. Osmanabad were found suffering with leaf roll disease during throughout year (Sept 2010 to August 2011). The symptoms of the Phytoplasma is leaf roll, the plants affected with leaf roll suffer a greatly reduced growth and so become stunted or dwarfed. Leaflets are rolled upwards and inwards while the leaves are often bend downwards (hyponasty). Leaves are thicker than normal and leathery texture.
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