The recognition of subsurface soil disturbances that have no surviving surface displacement often depends on an anomalous growth of the crop that overlies them. These disturbances are sometimes evidences of man's past activities. The very slight differentials of colour and height in growing crops are frequently difficult to record through a normal film and filter combination. In order to test the capacity of the multispectral technique, a four camera sensor was flown over archaeological sites in central southern England in the summer of 1970. Known sites were used in various geological settings, producing growth marks of differing characteristics. The sensor included the near infrared and this showed distinct advantages at the early stages of cereal growth.
This paper presents some of the background information considered necessary to expand the archaeological uses of aerial photography. Some problems encountered recording archaeological features from the air are discussed but the paper concentrates on the subsequent use of aerial photographs and covers the interpretation and plotting of archaeological features, use of different map scales, and outlines two schemes for the presentation of completed drawings which show air photograph evidence. The uses and potential of morphological ana!Jsis are included, as are comments on the relevance of fieldwork to air photograph interpretation.An appendix considers the application of geophysical techniques to air photograph sites, and the deductions that mtry be derived from these non-destructive methods. version, p. 347 below, Fig. I4. Based on RCHM plan. CroiVn copright 640-639su 638-\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 781 I t I 781 782 \ I \ \ \ \ / \ / \ / / / / .---· . / · '-· SU 3440{1o-I2 (3-5-75) KI7-AL 44-50 (23-I-76) BWJ 47-48, 5 I-54, 6o-62 (23-I-76) BWO IOQ-I03 (2-3-76) SU 3539/I/223-232 (26-3-68) SU 3 539/2{I68-I 73 (23-3-68) su 3 539/3/72-77 (4-3-7I) SU 3 539/4 (3-I 2-72) su 3539/5/209-2I2 (3-5-75) su 3539/6/2I3-2I4 (3-5-75) SU 3540/I-4 (Io-5-67) su 3540/5/163-167 (23-3-68) SU 3540{11{287-288 (10-7-70) SU 3540{12{289-29I (Io-7-70) SU 3540(I3{292-293 (1o-7-70) SU 3540/I4 (Io-7-70) su 3540/I5/78-79 (4-3-7I) SU 3540{I6{I83-I84 (I3-5-73) su 3540/I7/I85-I86 (I3-5-73) su 3540/t8/I90-20I (I3-5-73) SU 3540{19/I7o-17I (I-6-74) SU 3540{2o{6-I9 (I7-3-75) SU 3540{2I{215-2I7 (3-5-75) su 3540/22-23 (3-5-75) SU 364o{I{8I-84 (4-3-7I) SU 364o{2/187-189 (I3-5-73) SU 3640{3/173-175 (I-6-74) SU 3438/2/I015-Io2o (RAF{CPE{UK{I927:16-I-47) SU
Much important archaeological information which is invisible to observers on the ground may be recorded on oblique aerial photographs, often taken with non‐metric cameras. There is a requirement to plot this information on existing topographic maps. The archaeological background is outlined and a digital single photograph mapping system, based on monocomparator, microcomputer and small flatbed plotter, is described. This system is inexpensive and can be used by archaeological personnel without expertise in either analytical photogrammetry or computer graphics. Hence it may be capable of a useful role in map revision; its potential for this purpose is discussed and refinements to overcome its limitations are proposed. Résumé Une grande partie des informations archéologiques importantes qui restent invisibles à des observateurs sur le terrain, peut être saisie avec des photographies aériennes obliques, prises le plus souvent avec des chambres non‐métriques. Il est nécessaire de reporter ces informations sur les cartes topographiques existantes. Pour cela on dessine le fond archéologique sur le cliché et l'on utilise un système de cartographie numérique basé sur l'emploi d'une seule photographie, et comprenant un monocomparateur, un micro‐ordinateur et une petite table traçante à plat. Ce système est bon marché et peut être mis en oeuvre par du personnel archéologue n'ayant aucune compétence en photogrammétrie analytique ni dans les sorties graphiques d'ordinateur. Ce système peut jouer, à partir de là, un rôle utile dans la révision des cartes; ses possibilityés dans ce domaine font l'objet d'une discussion tandis que des améliorations destinées à dépasser ses limitations actuelles sont proposées. Zusammenfassung Viele wichtige archäologische Informationen, die dem Betrachter im Gelände verborgen bleiben, können auf Schrägluftbildern, die oft mit Amateurkameras aufgenommen wurden, erkannt werden. Dazu besteht dann die Anforderung, solche Informationen auf vorhandene Karten zu übertragen. Der archäologische Hintergrund wird skizziert und für Einzelbilder ein digitales Auswerteverfahren beschrieben, das auf der Verwendung eines Monokomparators, eines Mikrorechners und eines kleinen Flachbettplotters beruht. Dieses System ist billig und kann durch Archäologen ohne jede Erfahrung in analytischer Photogrammetrie oder Digitalgraphik angewendet werden. Es kann auch sinnvoll für die Karlenergänzung sein. Seine Möglichkeiten dafür werden diskutiert und weitere Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen.
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