Field experiments were carried out in Brittany (Western France) in 1993 to measure ammonia losses from surface-applied pig and cattle slurry. Experiments were conducted on grass, stubble (wheat and maize) and arable land using a wind tunnel system. Ammonia losses were followed during periods ranging from 20 to 96 h after slurry application. Rates of slurry applied varied from 40 to 200 m 3 /ha. In two experiments, losses from cattle slurry were respectively 75 and 54% of the ammoniacal nitrogen applied in the slurry. Ammonia emissions from pig slurry applied at a rate of 40 m 3 /ha, during spring and summer experiments, were higher on grass (45-63 % of the total ammoniacal nitrogen applied) than on wheat stubble (37-45%). On average, 75% of the total loss in all experiments occurred within the first 15 h after spreading. Significant correlations were found between ammonia losses (kg N/ha) and mean soil temperature and slurry dry matter content (%) using simple linear regressions and stepwise procedures. The time of application was also found to influence the magnitude of ammonia loss: 83 % of the total loss occurred within 6 h when the slurry was applied at midday compared with 42 % when it was applied in the evening.
RÉSUMÉDans un régime à base de maïs et de tourteau de soja (r8 p. 100
SUMMARY SUBSTITUTION OF MAIZE BY MII,O-CORN IN GROWING-FINISHING PIG DIETSIn diets containing maize and soybean oil-meal ( 1 8 p. 100 crude protein) the maize was replaced by milo-corn at a rate of o, 40 , 70 and 100 p. 100 . Each of these four diets were offered to groups of 24 Large-White pigs, from 2 5 to io 3 kg live weight, placed in pens of 4 , males and females separated. They were group fed according to the semi ad libitum method till a maximum level of 2. 4 kg/pig/day.A reduction of the animals' growth rate was noticed when the incorporation rate of milocorn increased. Simultaneously, the feed conversion ratio increased rapidly : 3 .23 -3!3I -3.44 — 3. 51 (kg feed at 13 p. 100 humidity/kg gain).The dressing percentages were better when maize was used as only cereal or at a high level in the diet ( 70 p. ioo), the carcass quality, however, was poorer.
Dans une première expérience, l'auteur avait essayé, chez le porc charcutier, en alimentation semi ad libitum, l'incorporation à deux niveaux de farine de luzerne déshydratée (5 et 10 p. 100) ou de son de blé (10 et 20 p. 100) dans une ration de type « maïs !-tourteau de soja cuit » à 1 8 p. 100 de matières azotées brutes (MAB). De plus, un régime avec 10 p. ioo de son ne contenait que 1 6 p. 100 de MAB. Ce dernier régime a donné les plus mauvais résultats de composition corporelle. Tous les autres traitements sont plus mauvais que le témoin (composition corporelle et indice de corsommation) exception faite de celui contenant 10 p. ioo de son et 1 8 p. ioo de MAB : même indice de consommation, carcasses meilleures. Dans une deuxième expérience, l'auteur reprend tous les régimes précités, sauf le dernier. Cette fois, la distribution d'aliment est plafonnée à 2 , 1 kg par jour. La composition corporelle est sensiblement identique pour tous les animaux, mais l'indice de consommation (IC) est très nettement en faveur du témoin (3 ,oi contre 3 , 21 à 3 , 5 8). L'avantage du son au taux le plus faible ne se retrouve que très partiellement (IC = 3 , ZI ; autres traitements : 3 , 46 à 3, 5 8). L'auteur en conclut que l'adjonction de matières cellulosiques dans un régime « maïs-i-soja» a est inutile ; le son à taux modéré peut cependant se justifier en « préengraissement ».
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