The distribution of H antigen in tissues of persons of blood groups A, B, and AB was examined. H antigen could be demonstrated in all tissues in which the isologous antigens A and B were demonstrated, although some cells demonstrated isologous but not H antigen. In most tissues, areas were seen that demonstrated H antigen but not the isologous antigen. This was especially true in Brunner's glands of the duodenum and esophageal glands, where the amount of H antigen was apparently greater than the amount of the isologous antigen. Since the results varied greatly from tissue to tissue, it was not possible to interpret the data with respect to the biochemical pathways of blood group antigen formation.
The blood group antigens A, B and O(H) are present on the cell surface of many tissues, including the urothelium. It has been shown that loss of these antigens from the surface of tumor cells correlated with subsequent development of invasion. Since the specific red cell adherence test demonstrates the presence or absence of these antigens the test may have an important prognostic and screening value. We have examined bladder washing specimens from patients with bladder tumors and normal controls for this phenomenon. The results in patients with bladder tumors were then compared to original biopsy specimens for the presence or absence of cell surface antigens. The study indicates that our technique presents a simple, reliable test that may be significant in screening as well as followup of patients with bladder cancer.
The presence and distribution of human A, B and H isoantigens were demonstrated in Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) by means of red cell adherence test. Although no human antigens were found on primate erythrocytes, various epithelial tissues revealed the presence of A, B or H antigenic substance. The distribution and localization was similar to that found in human tissues. Majority of specimens from each individual animal possessed only 1 human type isoantigen with the exception of the salivary and sweat glands, where all animals showed the presence of H antigen in addition to other specificity, and of Brunner's gland, where all sections reacted positively also for A antigen.
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