The dc drift data of Ti:LiNbO3 optical modulators are well fitted to an exponential equation, describing the relaxation phenomena of the dielectric materials. The relaxation time and the saturation voltage ratio, which are necessary to estimate the dc bias follow-up control, can be obtained from simple dc drift measurements.
A low-loss small-sized demultiplexer using a diffraction grating in the Littrow mounting is realized for a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system for optical fiber systems. The system has five channels and a wavelength spacing of 200 A in the 0.8-microm region. Insertion loss was about 1.7 dB in each channel, and cross talk was <-30 dB. These characteristics make this demultiplexer the most suitable device available for optical fiber systems employing WDM configurations.
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