The prevalence of gastric Helicobacter infection in finishing pigs and the influence of this infection on gastric lesions was studied. Stomachs of 89 finishing pigs from 27 randomly selected herds were sampled at the slaughterhouse. Forty cases (Group A) were selected based upon the presence of gross pathological lesions in the pars oesophagea, and further 49 cases were obtained at random (Group B). Three samples of gastric tissue (junction of pars oesophagea and pars cardiaca, fundic area, and pyloric area) were collected from each stomach for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Helicobacter antigen was detected in 76 cases (85.4%). No association was found between the presence of Helicobacter in the stomach and the occurrence of gross pathological lesions in the pars oesophagea or gastritis detected on histological examination. However, a significant association was found between the occurrence of Helicobacter in the pyloric area and the presence of erosions/ulcers in the pars oesophagea (OR: 7.01, p = 0.022) in Group B. A significant association was also evident between the presence of Helicobacter and glandular lesions (dilatation of the glands + glandular abscess + degeneration of glandular epithelial cells). In conclusion, Helicobacter infection seems to be a contributing factor to pathological changes in the stomach of finishing pigs.

Hungarian cattle herds were surveyed for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection by ELISA of milk and serum samples. In 1993, 75% of the large cattle herds (consisting of more than 50 cattle) and all small herds (small-scale producers stocks), while in 1997 90% of the small herds were included in the survey. In the case of large herds, 79.3% of the herds and 64.1% of the samples tested were found to be positive. Of the small herds, 13.5% and 15.7% tested positive in 1993 and 1997, respectively. The majority of large herds were Holstein-Friesian dairy stocks. Small herds with an infection rate markedly exceeding the average were found in those counties where the small herds had been in close contact with the large-scale farms, or where new herds were established by using animals of uncontrolled infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) status originating from large farms. Attention is called to the importance of maintaining the IBR-free status of small herds that constitute one-third of the Hungarian cattle population.Key words: Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), cattle, ELISA, serum, milk, prevalence, HungaryThe different disease entities caused by bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) cause substantial economic losses in the cattle herds. The disease occurs throughout the world (Straub, 1990). Since its appearance, serological tests for the detection of antibodies to BHV-1 have been performed in numerous countries in order to confirm BHV-1 infection or to elucidate the aetiology of diseases thought to be of viral origin (Msolla et al., 1981;Frost and Wagner, 1982;Albrecht et al., 1985;Edwards, 1988;Ackermann et al., 1989;Enders, 1989;Durham and Hassard, 1990;Niewöhner, 1990;Tanyi et al., 1990;Behymer et al., 1991;Hartman et al., 1997). Those surveys, however, were limited to relatively small administrative units and did not cover the entire cattle population of the countries concerned.