Acute cardiovascular and perceptual responses to Super Slow resistance training (SS) are not well understood. This study compared blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) between SS and traditional machine (TM) protocols. Participants (n = 20) completed three sessions of elbow flexion (EF) and knee extension (KE). Session 1 consisted of determining 1RM for EF and KE and a familiarization trial for the SS technique. Sessions 2 and 3 were counterbalanced, with subjects completing three sets of SS (10 seconds concentric, 5 seconds eccentric per rep, 40% 1RM) and TM (2 seconds concentric, 4 seconds eccentric per rep, 65% 1RM). Paramount resistance training equipment was used for both exercises. Peak HR was recorded for each set, with recovery HR taken between sets after 3 minutes of rest. Blood pressure was taken after 5 minutes of seated rest, after each set, before sets 2 and 3, and at 2 minutes post set 3. Ratings of perceived exertion for active musculature were obtained three times per set. Although systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) responses were not significantly different between SS and TM for EF or KE, SBP (SS and TM combined) was significantly lower during EF and was significantly higher during KE than resting BP. Diastolic BP (SS and TM combined) was not significantly different from resting BP for EF or KE. Peak HR was significantly greater during TM (vs. SS) for EF and KE. Ratings of perceived exertion were also significantly greater during TM for EF and KE. Even though SBP was greater for SS and TM combined during KE, comparing SS and TM revealed minimal differences in BP. This suggests that, when performing small muscle group exercises with lighter weight at a slow speed, either SS or TM would be appropriate for individuals to whom strength training is not contraindicated.
During time trials cyclists start individually with a uniform time gap between riders. With the exception of the first and last cyclists all riders will chase riders ahead and be chased from behind. The purpose of this study was to determine if cycling in a lead or chase position would influence 20-km time trial performance. Eight male cyclists performed four 20-km indoor time trials. During trial 1 (T1) individuals cycled as fast as possible. Prior to the start of trial 2 (T2) subjects were shown times and rank order from T1 and attempted to improve rank among opponents. After T2 subjects were ranked again and paired with the closest competitor. Subjects were alternately positioned to lead (TL) and chase (TC) in trials 3 and 4. TL and TC were counterbalanced. Means for time, mean power (MP), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and heart rate (HR) were recorded and pacing evenness was compared between trials using deviation scores (power variation at designated distances from overall mean). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (alpha = 0.05) indicated no significant differences for HR or RPE. For time, T2 (33.84 ± 1.38 minutes) was significantly faster than T1 (34.80 ± 2.25 minutes) and MP was significantly greater (T1 = 229 ± 36 W, T2 = 243 ± 24 W). Time for TC (33.52 ± 1.33 minutes) was significantly faster than T1 (34.80 ± 2.25 minutes). Pacing during TC (9 ± 3 W) was significantly more even in comparison to TL (12 ± 1 W). No significant difference in performance was detected between TC and TL. In conclusion, extrinsic factors (chase vs. lead position) did not affect overall performance, even when pacing altered between trials; however, differences in performance times may represent meaningful differences in competitive settings.
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