. The proportion of D. caespitosa in the mixtures was 25%, 50% or 75% of the total number of seeds, a monoculture was established too. The sward was mown to 3 cm. D. caespitosa was not able to compete with L. perenne. The number of its tillers during the experiment ranged up to 3% of total number of tillers of the sward; the weight of aboveground DM was maximally 1.5% of the total aboveground phytomass. It established much better in the mixtures with P. pratensis. The total number of both components and the weight of aboveground dry mass was signifi cantly infl uenced by the year (p-value < 0.000-0.009), by D. caespitosa proportion in the seed mixture (p-value = 0.001-0.003) and by the interaction of these factors (p-value = 0.000-0.056). It developed more rapidly in the fi rst year in comparison with P. pratensis and reached 31-85% of total amount of tillers in positive correlation to its proportion in the seed mixture, later the competition capacity of P. pratensis increased and D. caespitosa tillers proportion in the sward was 11-39% in the third year. The trend of the weight of its aboveground dry mass was similar -21-78% in the fi rst year and 8-36% in the third year in a positive correlation with its proportion in the seed mixture. D. caespitosa and P. pratensis created bigger tillers in the later years.
Svobodová M., Martinek J., Králíčková T., Našinec I., Šantrůček J. (2013) were found with F. rubra ssp. trichophylla. Its particular tillers had the lowest dry weight (0.32 g/100 tillers). The lowest number of tillers (32.9 thousand/m 2 ) and low weight of dry aboveground phytomass (134 g/m 2 )showed mixtures with F. rubra ssp. rubra, whose tiller weight was relatively high (0.42 g/100 tillers). The size of F. rubra tillers was not influenced either by the mixture composition or by vegetation years. The number of F. rubra tillers was not significantly different in the third and first vegetation year. The number of D. caespitosa tillers in monoculture decreased during the years from 45 to 30 thousand/m 2 , but the weight of dry aboveground phytomass increased significantly from 233 g/m 2 to 318 g/m 2 . Poor competition of D. caespitosa was found in the mixture with F. rubra ssp. commutata (on average 4% of total number of tillers and 7% of the total weight of the dry aboveground phytomass). F. rubra ssp. trichophylla was less competitive and the least competition with D. caespitosa was found in F. rubra ssp. rubra, After three years the proportion of D. caespitosa in mixtures with F. rubra ssp. rubra significantly increased to 36% of the total number of tillers and to 55% of the total weight of phytomass. Mixtures of D. caespitosa and F. rubra ssp. rubra were found to be promising for low input lawns.
HREVUŠOVÁ, Z., HAKL, J., MARTINEK, J., MRKVIČKA, J.: Cellulose and cutisin decomposition in soil of Alopecuretum meadow. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 6, pp. 129-134 Plant litter decomposition is a fundamental process to ecosystem functioning regulated by both abiotic and biotic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the decomposition of cellulose and protein (cutisin) substrates on permanent Alopecuretum meadow under diff erent methods of management. The treatments were following: 2 × cut, 2 × cut + NPK, 2 × mulch, 1 × cut, 1 × mulch (frequency of mowing per year) and no-treated plots. Cutting or mulching was carried out in October, under the 2 × cut management also in May. In 2007-2009, cellulose and cutisin in mesh bags were placed in the soil and kept from April to October. Total mean ratios of decomposed cellulose and cutisin were 83 % and 40 % of primal substrate weight, respectively. The cellulose decomposition was aff ected by weather conditions, but not by applied management. The highest mean ratio of decomposed cellulose was found in 2009 (with increased amount of precipitation in May and July), the lowest in 2007. Coeffi cients of variation within a year and over the years were up to 22 % and 20 %, respectively. The cutisin decomposition was signifi cantly aff ected by applied management in all three years. Higher rates of decomposition were noted in two times mowed treatments compared to one or not mowed treatments. Signifi cant diff erences were found between years in 2× cut and 2 × cut + NPK treatments. Coeffi cients of variation within the year and over the years were both higher by cutisin than by cellulose samples (up to 50 and 42 %, respectively
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