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Governing the transition of socio-technical systems: A case study of Governing the transition of socio-technical systems: A case study of the development of smart grids in Korea the development of smart grids in Korea

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Regional organizations sometimes intervene to preserve democracy in one of their Member States. When a regional organization has developed a democratic identity, non-intervention in case of violation of democratic principles would damage its credibility domestically and internationally. Nonetheless, violations of democratic principles sometimes go unsanctioned. Building on case studies of (non-)interventions by the EU, Mercosur and SADC, we show that the ideational costs of pressure by third parties and the interests of the regional leading powers can explain the enforcement of democracy by regional organizations. Third party pressure remains ineffective, however, when there is a clash between regional identities. Copyright (c) 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

petra Debusscher and anna van der vleuten mainstreaming gender in european Union development cooperation with sub-Saharan africa: promising numbers, narrow contents, telling silences this article examines gender mainstreaming in european Union development cooperation with sub-Saharan african countries through quantitative and qualitative analyses of policy programming documents to evaluate whether a shift has been made from a conservative women in Development paradigm to a transformative gender and Development paradigm. First, a quantitative analysis assesses language, format and budgets. next, a qualitative analysis embarks on a deeper reading of how gender (in)equality is framed and who has been given voice. we conclude that gender mainstreaming is only partly applied in a transformative way. the limited space for african civil society voices as well as the european Union's concerns about its global role and its internal legitimacy are suggested as explanations.

In 2017, at a time when the EU was experiencing a triple crisis, the European Commission published a White Paper containing five scenarios outlining potential ways out of it. In his State of the Union address Commission President Juncker added a sixth. Although the Commission refers to fundamental values it neglects gender equality and reduces equality to the harmonization of the quantity of fish in fish fingers and EU‐wide access to vaccination against measles. Despite the neglect of gender equality, the scenarios are not gender neutral. A feminist institutionalist analysis unpacks the potential direct and indirect positive and negative gendered consequences of each scenario and illuminates how the choice of scenario makes a difference as to their gendered impacts and as to the access for feminist actors to bring gender issues to the table.