The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of antiretroviral treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of three groups of HIV-positive inmates: those who are taking antiretroviral treatment, those who are not on treatment as it has not yet been indicated, and those who refuse to take treatment even though it has been recommended. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 585 HIV+ inmates in three prisons. The response variable was HRQOL. Independent variables were: sociodemographic variables, psychosocial and drug-related variables. Two multivariate linear regression models were constructed in order to determine the HRQOL, physical health score (PHS) and mental health score (MHS), for each of the three groups identified, using patients who refused treatment as the reference category. Patients who refused therapy had a lower MHS compared with patients in whom treatment was not indicated (P = 0.038). With regard to PHS, patients refusing therapy had a lower score than patients who were not indicated therapy (P = 0.005), and than patients receiving therapy (P = 0.010).
RESUMENIntroducción: En los estudios existentes sobre pacientes VIH+ la población a estudio ha sido tomada de manera homogénea, sin diferenciar aquella que cumple los requerimientos terapéuticos de la que no lo hace. Quizás por la dificultad en el acceso al grupo de pacientes que rehúsan el tratamiento antirretroviral. El medio penitenciario nos permite acceder a esta población, hasta hoy no estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el estado clínico y psicosocial de los reclusos seropositivos que rehúsan el TARV, comparándolo con el de aquellos que sí están en TARV o no se les indica tomarlo.Métodos: Estudio transversal con 585 reclusos VIH positivos ingresados en tres prisiones andaluzas entre mayo-julio de 2004. Como variable de agrupación se empleó rehusar el TARV, tomarlo o no hacerlo por no estar indicado. Como independientes se incluyeron sociodemográficas, psicosociales, clínicas y relacionadas con el medio penitenciario.Resultados: El 16,8% de los reclusos rehusaban el TARV, mientras el 56,3% estaban en tratamiento y al 26,8% no le estaba indicado. Entre los reclusos que rehusaban el TARV aparece una mayor prevalencia de coinfección por VHC, mayor consumo intrapenitenciario de opiáceos y tratamiento con metadona, más juicios pendientes y más entradas en prisión.Conclusiones: Estos resultados ponen de relieve la existencia de un grupo poblacional, accesible gracias al medio penitenciario, con características propias que no sigue las indicaciones terapéuticas y que representa un riesgo no sólo para su salud, sino para la de la comunidad.Palabras clave: VIH, Impacto Psicosocial, Terapia Antirretroviral, Prisiones, Negativa al Tratamiento, Prisiones. PATIENTS WHO REFUSE ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT IN PRISON ABSTRACTIntroduction: Current studies of HIV+ patients in the prison population have been carried out without considering differences that might exist between patients who accept retroviral treatment and those who do not. One possible reason for this may be the difficulty in gaining access to patients who refuse antiretroviral treatment. However, the prison environment makes it possible to locate and study this type of patient, who up till now has not been the subject of study. The aim of this article is to describe the clinical and psychosocial state of HIV+ inmates who refuse ARVT and compare this data with patients receiving treatment and others for whom treatment has not been indicated.Methods: Cross-sectional study using 585 HIV+ inmates in three prisons in Andalusia from May to June 2004. Refusal, acceptance and non-indication of ARVT treatment was the grouping variable used. The independent variables were socio-demographic, psychosocial, clinical and other variables relating to the prison environment.Results: 16.8% of patients refused ARVT, while 56.3% were receiving treatment and another 26.8 were not indicated
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